Industrial Relations And Labour Studies Architecture Essay

The Penan is a mobile native that roamed on the land of Sarawak Bumi Kenyalang and some other parts on Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan. They are a extremely evolved classless society and small gender division. Man and adult females shared largely the jobs among them. Such as, garnering the forest merchandise and extracted sago from the sago thenar. But they are still some portion of jobs was male dominated. For illustration, hunting. The Penan practiced the rite of ‘Molong ‘ which means ‘never return more than necessary ‘ . That had made them the hunter-gatherers. Not every of the Penans are mobile hunter-gatherers. The present Penans are consisted with settled, semi-nomadic and entire mobile communities that to the full reliant to the wood merchandises. Presents, the figure of Penan had officially stated approximate to 10,000 people and around 350-500 of them are mobile that scattered over Ulu Baram, Limbang, Tutoh and Lawas of Sarawak. Normally the mobile Penan moves in group that consisted about 40 people included kids and old people. They do non stayed for a long clip in a peculiar topographic point. Once the resources at the topographic point that they stayed became fewer, they will take other suited topographic points and moved once more. ( Figures retrievedfrom:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.survival-international.org) I have to contract down the range to the group of mobile Penan that I would wish to analyze approximately. The mobile people that lived in the forest rely much on their traditional diet- Sago ( amylum from the Sago thenar ) . As the Penan people valued the environment so much, merely the matured and to the full adult sago thenar trees will be cut down. The leader will do certain an sum of sago starched plenty from a individual or a few sago thenar trees and kept adequately for their supply. After that no more sago thenar will be chop down until they are ran out of nutrient. Besides that, the Penan besides preys on meat. And the protein result in their day-to-day diet was contributed by largely wild Sus scrofas, mouse cervid and monkeys. The huntsmans Hunt by utilizing a blowtube, made with the Belian wood and carved out with a bone drill. The darts that they used are made from the sago thenar ‘s tree bark and on its tip ; the Penan dipped it with sort of powerful toxicant latex that extracted from a tree from the wood. However, their manner of life is about to alter due to the force per unit areas that forced them to accommodate the cultivation of seting and domestic animate being genteelness.Issue to lift:As the Real GDP ( gross domestic production ) growing in Malaysia since the twelvemonth of 1999 to 2007 had improved in great per centum, Malaysia authorities had put a tonss of affords on the lumber industry in Sarawak territory. Sarawak was blessed with tonss of valuable trees. The authorities puts a strong accent on the processing lumber that can maximise the local net incomes. It is believe vital to maintain up with the big demand from Japan, India and the Far East states. Ironically, logging seems to convey great blessings to the state, in Sarawak it destroys legion of sago thenar and consuming a huge country of rain forest that the Penan people lived in. Poorly planned logging trails had caused the issues of Earth eroding, landslides and the silting of watercourses happened. The state of affairs had affected the functional relation among the Penan and the wood. Once the large trees were removed, shortly the secondary bushy forest will take over the bare wood bed. Meat becomes difficult to track and fruits that used to be big go less abundant. The Penan is holding troubles in roll uping and runing their nutrient. Resistance from both the settled and nomads were fierce. The authorities faced a difficult clip from those natives. The Sarawak authorities had frequently stated to convey upon the issue and promised to offer development to the Penan. About all nomads Penan go up against with logging and it happened to be immense spread of swearing and understanding between the authorities and the Penan. The authorities puzzled why would anyone desire so much to populate in the jungle and trusting thoughtfully the Penan will comes to their senses. On the other manus, the Penan had lost faith in their authorities as more and more bulldozers driven through their forest. In their position, logging merely convey them catastrophes and they will lose it all if they move a measure rearward from their base on protecting the forest. What is more, at the same clip they see the pristine forest been tear down, holding their districts distorted into oil thenar and acacia plantations is a calamity. Anyhow, as now the Penan had come across the job, they have a pick to do. Shall they stand firmed on their rule and allow the resistance of deforestation continued or merely accept what the authorities had offered and worked in tandem to predominate societal harmoniousness and peace? Can they defy the Penan society to alter? Surely it is a difficult determination to do, there are excessively many valuable things will hold to waive and finally became memory. Harmonizing to Bilton T, Bonnet K and the bookmans,the diverseness and changeableness of societal constructions are a centre subject, together with the disclosure that human action can recast societal dealingss and establishments ; it reveals the human potency for release and originative societal Reconstruction. ( Introductory Sociology: 2nd edition, Bilton T, Bonnet K, Jones P, Stanworth M, Sheard K and Webster A. 1987. Mackays of Chatham PLC, Kent ) Harmonizing to the statement above, societal alterations that happened to the Penan folk was due to the ground of rewording and retracing into a broad and originative society. But the point that I want to reason here is- Does the folk want to alter? Considered upon the motivation that they fight over their rights on the land and the forest, I strongly doubted their willingness in altering their societal concept and their societal life. There was a cause that forced them to travel out from the jungle ; there was a cause to necessitate them to give up their nature root. And it is our responsibility to unveil the secret. Social alteration was defined as the clip when external events happened, such as war and conquering and civilization contact and diffusion, or environmental factors or internal events, such as inventions, innovation and population displacements harmonizing to Barbara Marliene S. & A ; Mary Ann A. Schwartz ( 2006 ) In this point of position, the society of Penan changed when development and wealth interfered. Some of them accepted it and follow a new life manner yet some resisted it and willing to pay any monetary value to defence their existent life. Yet, this diffusion, the spread of civilization traits from one society to another, is the inevitable consequence of contact between civilizations. With modern communicating engineerings making into the most distant corners of the Earth, the rate of diffusion has accelerated dramatically since the bend of the 20th century. ( Sociology: Making sense of the societal universe, 2nd edition, Barbara Marliene Scott & A ; Mary Ann A. Schwartz. 2006, Allyn and Bacon Pearson. ) The societal alteration of the Penan folk was occurred because of the civilization contact and diffusion harmonizing to the statement above. When the civilization of new economic bloom and the up raise national income due to timber industries scatter to the land Sarawak, the districts of the Penan folk was the chief locale to be affected. For illustration, big graduated table of logging operation encroach their land doing them to endure under the pollutions. Their H2O catchment countries were polluted with sediment supplanting, many sago thenars were lost ; wild Sus scrofa, cervid and other game became scarce, the fruit trees and medical specialty purposed herb were difficult to happen. Therefore, their epinephrine prepared them to contend or flight. The consequence of societal alteration among the Penan is staying negative in footings of the authorities position. The Penan chose to contend. For illustration, many encirclements were set up in effort to halt logging operations on their land. Unfortunately, the attempts were difficult to transport on and the state of affairs turns bad with huge graduated table of clangs between the autochthonal community and the province supported logging company. For illustration, SamLing Corporation, lead by CEO Yew Chee Ming, COO James Ho Yam Kong. In association with the honest main curate ‘s privilege company known as STIDC. The Malayan Timber Certificate Council ( MTCC ) had granted the companies with a logging grant. It is average that they have the power to log even on the land that traditionally inhabited by the natives of Sarawak. Apart from the ground of civilization diffusion, the societal alteration that happened among the Penan was due to the cause of demographic tendencies. That is to state every birth, decease, and migration rates can impact the size and composing of a population, which in bend, can hold a major impact on a society.Barbara Marliene Scott& A ; Mary Ann A. Schwartz ( 2006 ) .For illustration, scarceness of nutrient and taint of environment. Presents, the Penan is covering with the exact jobs that I have stated above. Their nutrient becomes difficult to achieve and the inhabited environment was contaminated. These sorts of state of affairs makes their life in the jungle becomes tough and unease. On the other manus, the member in the group is keep diminishing due to migration. Migration refers to the motion of people into or out of a geographical country ( Barbara S & A ; Mary A, 2006 ) . This is to state, many child who grew up in the mobile group choose to travel out from the community and headed to the life manner in the metropolis. The birth rate in the group becomes lesser and lesser as the immature people instead choose a partner from the metropolis than they own people that stayed in the group. As clip base on ballss, merely old coevals and some few immature people will remain on. Finally, their group will turn out to be a smaller group and possibly faded off. It was non something surprise with the reactions that the mobile presented. Harmonizing to Barbara S & A ; Mary A ( 2006 ) ,the behaviour that is likely to emerge in such state of affairs is called corporate behaviour, the comparatively self-generated and unstructured behaviour engagevitamin D in by big Numberss of people who are responding to a common stimulation. ( Sociology: 2nd edition, doing sense of the societal universe. Pg63. 2006. Barbara Marliene Scott & A ; Mary Ann A. Schwartz. Allyn and Bacon Pearson ) The corporate behaviours that the Penan folk had were the attitude that they had shown. Such as, the confrontations with the logging companies and the encirclements that they had made. Corporate behaviours take many signifiers. Some are short-period, self-generated and unstructured. But some are durable, formalistic and well-planned. The signifier the Penan folk used to oppose their dissension was categorized in the center, which is societal motion. It tends to be long -lasting because it has to accomplish a certain end of altering societal order in some cardinal method. For case, the leaders of the Penan folk have a good organized program to achieve their end of continuing their rights on the land. They even met with Al-Gore and Prince Charles sing to their jobs. Harmonizing to Barbara Marliene Scott & A ; Mary Ann A. Schwartz, 2006 in Sociology 2nd edition-making sense of the societal universe, contemn the tremendous power of social establishments and other societal forces against the control of persons, formal organisations of single activism are frequently important to societal alteration and can sometimes agitate the foundation of a society. Such has been the instance with assorted actions that had taken to demo their dissatisfaction, including the protesting that brought upon the media and how the folk fought against the political power and obtained the opportunities to talk out to the universe. In my sentiment, the ways that the Penan took in protesting their disfavor was in the in-between portion of corporate behaviour and societal motion. It is non every bit well-structural as the societal motion because of their by and large free-form attack. Apart from that, it does non involved big Numberss of people. Compares to societal motion, t he manner that the Penan acquired was merely engaged comparatively little sum of people, such as their leaders and alders. It besides consisted a end ; a ground to contend for. So, it can besides be said a end oriented corporate behaviour. But, by deriving the impulse in their opposition and expostulation, they are to state a little measure from becomes societal motion and possibly, it might win in the hereafter!Decision:As everyone can see, societal alteration is non a little affair. Many facets in life have to be considered. Individual, groups, communities are loath to alter and confronting large battle to set from the life manner and conditions that they had used with. At the same clip the society have to differ themselves to keep existing conditions. For case, as jersey and denim has been introduced to the Penan, they have ever preferred chawat. However, when the clip has come, alterations have to be done. Conflicts and contradictions will happen within the procedure for certain . The Penan resists change because of their romanticized impression of traditional values and â€Å" the good old yearss † . ( Barbara S, Mary A, 2006 ) For illustration, the Penan people valued their forest home ground and their traditional rites really much, they like to bathe in the river ; they enjoyed the hunting activities ; they have used to every trees in the jungle. The fright of losing each of them caused them hesitated to have alterations. Not merely that, mobile Penan resists alterations merely merely because of inactiveness ; they have becomes complacent, even if their lives are far less than ideal. ( Barbara S, Mary A, 2006 ) Changes required people to make something different, and it may do a batch of uncomfortableness. Often, the leaders who accept the legitimacy of position quo would likely defy alterations the most. This is because with the credence, it might coerce them to reconsider the genuineness in the old society that used to specify their full intent and power. They might besides afraid of losing their people Black Marias and their prestigiousness in the society to the present authorities. Some mobile Penan refuses to accept alterations due to the miscommunication and misinformation. ( Barbara S, Mary A, 2006 ) . For illustration, the Penan regarded the present authorities as something bad, and they are bad in the context of infiltrated their land and infringed on their rights. It was clearly shown with the logging systems. During the stay of Bruce Parry, the leaders came from afar merely to inquire Bruce to direct their message to the authorities of British so that they can take over the authorities once more. They felt ferocious and anguish towards the Sarawak authorities ‘s making. Affords to advance societal alteration expected to see opposition been provoked as there will ever be person who do non derive anything or lost something if non everything due to the procedure of alterations. So, the phenomenon of the Penan opposition is natural and it is common if they persisted in their expostulation. Personally to state, the 1 who in charge of the forestation in Sarawak should hold been more justness to the people. Government should be the listening ear for the people non the taking manus. Merely the righteous authorities can last everlastingly in the people Black Marias.Mentions:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.survival-international.orgIntroductory Sociology: 2nd edition, Bilton T, Bonnet K, Jones P, Stanworth M, Sheard K and Webster A. 1987. Mackays of Chatham PLC, KentSociology: 2nd edition, doing sense of the societal universe. Pg63. 2006. Barbara Marliene Scott & A ; Mary Ann A. Schwartz. Allyn and Bacon Pearson

Cheque Truncation

IBM Business Consulting Services Indian Cheque Truncation Initiative Key challenges for Indian Banks Ravi Trivedy IBM Business Consulting Services deeper deeper  © Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 IBM Business Consulting Services The Indian Cheque Scenario – an IBM Point-of-View Cheque volumes will continue to increase for the next 5-7 years – All parties involved have strong reasons to continue to promote check usage Banks – significant revenue flows are tied to the use of checks Slow consumer adoption of electronic payments – cheques are free + Perception of safetyMerchants, Corporates, Governments, and Non Banking Financial Institutions – due to lack of cheap, convenient alternatives and because many accounts payable and receivable systems are designed around checks.  © Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 IBM Business Consulting Services Image based processing of cheques in India present several challenges – which all add up to the cost for t he banking industry Geographical spread & volumes impact speed of physical movement of paper (specially inter-city) Multiple languages & scripts Multiple handling due to current processes in ranches – high rejects in an imaging process Legal & Regulatory issues Lack of Centralized Banking systems in many banks to enable STP Potential for fraud/counterfeit cheques increases  © Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 IBM Business Consulting Services The Truncation initiative will have a major impact on Payment Operations – some key recommendations Indian Model – Truncation at presenting Bank Big Bang approach – mandatory cutover for ALL Branches Each Bank to decide it’s own model – Truncation at Branch or Service Branch or Outsourced Recommendations for Banks Understand volumes, current operationsDevelop strategy & optimized operations architecture in a truncation environment Define new processes (focus on mitigating operational risk) Re-define clear ing operations & organization  © Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 IBM Business Consulting Services RBI’s Working Committee on Cheque Truncation has recommended truncation at the presenting bank itself, to maximize efficiency PRESENTING BANK Big Branches DRAWEE BANK Core Core Banking Banking System System Branch Capture Data and Image One Pass readers for MICR Data, Greyscale & Bitonal Images Front & Back UID assignedAt Teller/Behind Teller Real-time/Batch Intra-Branch Intra-Branch Cheque Clearing Cheque Clearing Clearing House System House System House IMAGE & MICR ARCHIVAL PKI enabled CLEARING CLEARING CLEARING HOUSE HOUSE SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM IMAGE & MICR ARCHIVAL 3 Months + 8 Years Browser based access to images for Banks & Customers Images, MICR,UID2 Clearing House Interface Clearing House Interface Service Branch Service Branch Or Or Or Outsourced Service Center Outsourced Service Center Outsourced Small Branches Images, MICR,UID MIS MIS Signature Signature Verification Verification CustomerCustomer Statements Statements IMAGE & MICR ARCHIVAL  © Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 IBM Business Consulting Services Reduced costs, improved customer service and increased flexibility will drive each Bank’s imaging decision Value realization will differ from Bank to Bank New offers of value to customers Reduced costs from re-engineered check exchange practices REALIZED VALUE Reduced costs via productivity enhancements and fraud reduction Near-term customer service enhancement 2005 2006 2007 TIME 2008 2009 2010  © Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 IBM Business Consulting ServicesWith RTGS and Cheque truncation, Banks will potentially lose a large income leverage The truncation initiative will re-define business models Loss of float Additional cost of infrastructure & Operations Recommendation for Banks Develop a fee based product strategy to offset losses – from customers, from secondary banks†¦. differentiated service models Re-engineer Ca sh Management services for Corporates Create an optimized cost model for Operations – build and operate OR outsource? Utilize the opportunity to image inter-branch cheques to improve customer service & reduce paper process costs Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 IBM Business Consulting Services Technology choices and implementation models will create differentiation in services and operational costs†¦ Each Bank’s defined operating model is directly related to it’s technology choices, implementation options and costs At each Branch vs. at a service Branch Smaller cities in a region? Remote Branches? Certification of Operations is a must! Recommendations for Banks Analysis of current and expected cheque volume patterns should drive future model Optimize model with a mix and match – inhouse + outsourceSelect Open Architectures to enable backwards integration Security, BCP and Operations Management are CRITICAL  © Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 IBM Busine ss Consulting Services Cheque Processing and IBM – A summary view Over 90% of the 40B US cheques issued yearly are processed with IBM Solutions â€Å"VIEWPOINTE† – Bank of America, JPMChase & IBM Joint Venture for Cheque Processing Centers +1 Billion new items stored monthly +5. 1 Million image retrievals daily Storage space occupies 2. 8 PB of data In India, the Reserve Bank uses IBM Solutions for its high speed clearing operationsIBM manages Cheque clearing/processing Operations in over 12 countries Partnering with BCSIS for Cheque solutions for Banks in India Complete end-to-end CHS functionality (Applications, Infrastructure, Integration, Operations Management, Outsourcing Service Centers) Totally compliant with RBI directives, PKI security enabled Based on Open Standards – enables easy integration to Core Systems  © Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 IBM Business Consulting Services IBM uses its structured methodology to enable Banks to maximize their RoI from a Cheque imaging initiative 1 1 Create the VisionCreate the Vision 4 4 Review Bank Operations / Delivery strategy Review / Establish Bank Payments Strategy Obtain Stakeholder commitment 2 2 Develop Business case Develop Business case for Check applications // for Check applications image enablement image enablement Cost effectiveness vs. Business needs Time to market & competitive pressures Identify Applications Systems, Storage & Network Architectures 5 5 Create Implementation Plan Create Implementation Plan Application & integration priorities Rational steps Business Process & Organization Reengineering Coincidence with industry initiativesApplications Setup & Test Applications Setup & Test Setup, configure and Customise applications Integrate with Core Systems, PKI Infrastructure Integrated and User Testing Develop Training program & materials Develop Operations model & timelines Develop infrastructure cost model Develop Operational cost model Develop products & revenue plan 3 3 Develop Infrastructure Plan Develop Infrastructure Plan 6 6 Manage Implementation Manage Implementation Program Management – Process, Change Implement connectivity Establish Organization – Process, IT Training Implement & Test Security for Certification Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 IBM Business Consulting Services Summary – Maximize your opportunities from the Cheque Truncation initiative Well prepared Banks will benefit greatly from the Cheque truncation initiative New Opportunities Improve Customer Services New Product Offerings Product Differentiation Cross-selling Revenue Higher Efficiency Fraud Savings Productivity savings Operational cost reduction Reduction in call volumes & follow-up  © Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 IBM Business Consulting Services Thank You ravi. [email  protected] ibm. com deeper deeper  © Copyright IBM Corporation 2003

Technology from print to pixel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Technology from print to pixel - Essay Example This reading from the screen and its effectiveness and visible results continues for the rest of the day until the time one will go to bed This new way of reading will definitely change the way people write. As the information flows and is streamed in the screens at a very quick speed, more people will start writing in prose and in other short forms as a way of saving time. This new form of writing will not be strange as translations of the words can be easily got from the same screens and because there is a lot of linking with the new technology in reading, it will not be strange at all. The writing unlike before will continue to increase and a faster pace for that matter as more and more people young and old engage in asking questions and getting written faster and even immediate response hence making them write even more as a way to gain faster knowledge and pass the same knowledge to others through the same

Spinal immobilization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Spinal immobilization - Research Paper Example This is because of lack of effective measure to ascertain the degree and site of spinal injury at the time of presentation in any emergency setting. Also, the definition of the definite position of spinal immobilization is poor and lacking. Jin et al (2007) conducted a retrospective study to examine the sensitivity of the prehospital immobilization protocol in which age criterion is present to 5 criteria of spine clearance. The five criteria include decreased awareness, presence of intoxication, neurological deficit, pain on palpation of the spine and age criterion; which is 65 years or older. According to the protocol, standard full immobilization would be done to individuals with more than one criteria. This study included 238 victims of blunt trauma; of which 236 has atleast one positive criteria, suggesting 99.2 percent sensitivity. Of the 2 patients who did not receive immobilization, one had a small fissure in the arch of C2 and the other had fracture of the transverse process of L3. Both of them were discharged on the next day without any medical interventions or complications. Based on these results, the researchers concluded that spinal immobilization protocol must be based on clinical criteria rather than on mechanism of trauma. They also recommended a prospective study to confirm such findings. The effectiveness and benefits of immobilization of the spine depends on the perfection in application of the immobilization technique. Peery et al (2007) conducted a study to assess and examine the quality of long spine board spinal immobilization in patients presenting to the emergency room via emergency medical service. During examination, evaluation of the location and number of the restraining straps and also their degree of tightness was done. 50 patients were included in the study. 30 percent of these had atleast one unattached tape to attach head to the board. Also, 88 percent had more than 2 cm slack between the body. This study draws evidence that im mobilization is not done well in emergency medical service and better measures and protocols need to be drawn for improved immobilization. Thus, even though spinal immobilization may provide genuine benefits, they be lost due to poor application. Generally, immobilization of spine consists of a cervical collar that supports either side of the head, and the long and short back boards which have straps attached to them to immobilize the rest of the body. With regard to the boards, there is lot of controversy whether long boards are superior to short boards. According to Cline (1985; cited in AANS, 2001 ), short boards are superior to cervical collar alone. Mozalewski (cited in AANS, 2001 ) opined that unless the motion of trunk also was minimized along with motion of head, spine immobilization was ineffective. The literature review by AANS (2001) drew some implications about spine immobilization practices in an emergency setting. The review opines that studies pertaining to spinal imm obilization are limited because none of the studies actually evaluate the full range of available devices. However, from whatever results are available, it appears that a combination of cervical collar immobilization with supportive straps on a rigid long spinal backboard to secure the whole body including the trunk is superior to cervi

Copyright and Creativity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Copyright and Creativity - Essay Example It is purported that copyright primarily serves the end of encouraging creativity, because of the inspiration it provides to authors/writers/creators and would-be authors/writers/creators that will see creativity as an opportunity to gain economic advantage as well as an acknowledgment of their talent. This claim, however, is being contested by those who argue that artists have been churning out great works of arts for centuries without the benefit of copyright protection. Worse, there are those who perceive copyright protection as an unwitting tool for stifling creativity as illustrated by recent cases where works have been prohibited from seeing publication on the ground that they infringe the copyright law. The question that is being contemplated by this paper, therefore, is whether or not copyright protection encourages or stifles artistic creativity. Background The US Copyright Law has its roots in the 1710, Statute of Anne, an English law that ended the monopoly of the Statione r’s Company by vesting exclusive right of books to their authors for fourteen years, subject to renewal. After the American Revolution in the 18th century, several states their own copyright laws that took after the Statute of Anne, but the Constitutional Convention decided that a unifying law on copyright should be enacted nationally and thus, attached a clause mandating such passage in Article 1 of the proposed Constitution. The subsequent Copyright Act of 1970 copied the 14-year period of exclusive right to authors renewable for another 14 years and was made applicable solely to books, maps and maritime charts. Eventually, however, the US copyright law was broadened to cover other original works as well. In the Copyright Act of 1909, the coverage of the grant extended to all written works not only in the US but to various written foreign works as well. In addition, it extended the period of the exclusive right to 28 years, which is renewable for another 28 years. The next copyright law, i.e. Copyright Act of 1976 is the precursor of the present US copyright law. This Act eliminated many of the earlier features as well as added new ones. For example, it established a single period of exclusive right for all kinds of works, which is the life of the author plus 50 years, dismissed the formalities and made the right applicable the very moment the work becomes a concrete medium of expression. 1 Before the present consolidated US copyright law came into being, the Copyright Act 1976 went through various amendments and supplementations. These include the following: the Audio Home Recording Act of 1992, which added copyright grant to digital audio recordings; the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act of 1998, which extended the exclusive right to 20 years, and; the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, which deals with high-technology works. 2 Features of the Present US Copyright Law Under the present US Copyright Law, which is denominated as Title 17 of the United States Code, the exclusive rights to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies, perform, display publicly and use in a digital audio transmission of works, are granted only to their authors or creators.3 The copyright grant covers only 8 kinds of words, and their respective derivatives, namely: literary

Business proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business proposal - Essay Example Category 1 to category 4 represent some of the different periods that the business may experience during its operations and assists in developing an individual expense report since high category of 4,will mean high periods of the business and necessary adjustments to the expense report made. Therefore, expenses entail on the type of category experienced. During high categories such as category 4, expenses reduce since the category expects high expenditure affecting savings of the business. Series 1 and 2 shows some of the downs and falls of the business. It enables an individual to determine the periods of savings and expenditures of the business and hence reducing costs and maximizing on profits. Saving from wages enables an individual to have plans for future development of the business. Some of anticipated problems in developing the business plan include lack of enough financial resources and inadequate time for the individual business expense report to take effect. The use of SMART (specific, measurable, applicable, reliable and time range aspects) analysis helps in solving some of the major problems experienced in development of the business proposal. The use of SMART analysis enables the problems of development in the business proposal solved and enable for the progress of the proposal. The use of SMART analysis enables one to compare current household expenditure with future developments of the same expenditure. Specific Problems of the business are handled easily and using realistic approaches of SMART analysis, solutions of the future are managed using an individual expenditure report. Therefore, the development of a business proposal has many varied benefits to the business, which enables prosperity and developments of the company in many varied and effective ways. Period of SMART analysis enables for the existence of an average annual pay of sixty thousand, which enables business individuals and

ACADEMIC WRITING TASK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Why zinedine zidane consider to be my hero Essay

Why zinedine zidane consider to be my hero - Essay Example I believe that Zinedine Zidane is the greatest football player of the modern era because of the way he could control a football. He is only one of two players to win the FIFA World Player of the Year award three times (Ronaldo being the other). At club level, he won trophies in three major leagues: France, Italy, and Spain. However, in my opinion, his greatest ever triumph came in the French shirt at the 1998 FIFA World Cup. In the final France were underdogs against a highly fancied Brazilian side. On the day, Zinedine Zidane stepped up to the mark and scored with two headers, resulting in a 3-0 French win. A couple of years later, Zidane also won the EURO 2000 title, helping the French team defeat the Italians in the final. I grew up watching Zidane at the peak of his powers, and I would argue that no one has since been able to reach such heights. In the 1998 FIFA World Cup, the tournament was being hosted in France for the first time in 60 years. France had yet to win a World Cup, so there was great expectation that the team would finally bring home the trophy. At this time, France was becoming a more multi-cultural nation, with numerous African immigrants settling in the country. Even though Zidane was born in Marseille, he had Algerian ancestry. He was thus the ideal person to lead the French nation into a new era. Once the French team became world champions, the nation rejoiced for weeks. Zidane became an instant hero overnight and helped to unite the French people as a result. For many African immigrants, Zidane was the ultimate role model; he came from an Algerian background but was able to become one of the most respected people in French society. To this day, I look up to Zidane as someone who can unite a nation in joy and happiness. Finally, I appreciate Zidane for all the charity work that he has done since his retirement from football. Zidane has participated in charity football matches in

Louis Riel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Louis Riel - Essay Example At one point, he attempted taking legal studies, but these attempts failed (Thomas 1887, p. 35-67).1 Despite the failed attempts to study religious studies and legal studies, Riel continued to give his opinion on issues of religion and political reforms. When giving his opinions, Riel appeared to be contended with whatever he said, and he never allowed anyone to oppose his opinions. His discussions were done using a strong command of languages. Riel was talented in catching the attention of his listeners through creating a sense of his importance. One notable thing about Riel was his understanding of dangers associated with engaging in physical wars despite his use of violent speeches. Majority of people living in the Red River knew Riel due to his popularity in engaging in matters of politics and religion (Thomas 1887, p. 35-67).1 Louis Riel and the Red River Rebellion In 1869, the Canadian government signed the Canadian Act of 1869, which introduced a provisional government for the colony in the Red River. This move by the Canadian government was not welcome by many settlers of the Red River. Riel was the fast to oppose the government’s move. Using his religious doctrines and political opinions, he challenged his fellow Half-breeds to stand strong and resist the Canadian authorities. The Half-breeds believed that the government’s move aimed at getting properties out of the Half-breeds living in Canada. The rebellion formed by Riel was done through mobilizing a few Half-breeds and instructing government surveyors to stop their work in the Red River (Lewis 2000, par. 1-25).2 After managing to stop the surveyors from carrying out their job, Riel and his group later seized Fort Garry, which held a company for military supplies and rifles. Later, a meeting for all Half-breeds living in Red River was convened, and people in attendance were convinced to adopt a proposed â€Å"bill of rights.† The proposed â€Å"bill of right† had fifteen provisions, which addressed the plight of the 2Half-breeds. When closing the convention, Riel proposed the formation of a provisional government, of which he would be the head. All this time, he was acting as the secretary general to a provisional government that believed to be in power after the inception of the rebellion. At one point, Riel warned people in Canadian authorities against intruding territories within the Red River (Lewis 2000, par. 1-25).2 Once the military operations within the seized Fort Garry came to an end, Riel became the master of the territory for close to six months. Settlers living in the Red River were in full support of Riel’s proposals, but his intentions of creating an independent government with him as the head left many settlers with a lot of questions. Many settlers thought that Riel had a strong will in fighting for the rights proposed in the â€Å"bill of rights† rather than calling for an independent republic. Furthermore, Riel showe d a lot of cruelty when dealing with people who opposed his ideas. He went to the extent of ordering the shooting of such people. At one time, Riel ordered for the shooting of an Orangeman of which it was later discovered that the shooting was motivated by personal differences. The shooting of the Orangeman aroused fellow Orangemen living in Upper Canada. The heightened mood in Upper regions of Canada caused the English government to interfere in the issue (Thomas 1887, p. 35-67).3 The colonial

Nursing paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing paper - Assignment Example Based on a SWOT analysis, the strategic position of the healthcare centre can be established. A SWOT analysis looks at the company’s strengths and weaknesses, and opportunities and threats; the internal environment (the company’s strengths and weaknesses) in which the company operates and the external influence (the company’s opportunities and threats) are assessed (Bohm, 2009). In this case, a hospital will be analyzed using SWOT analysis. The strengths and the weaknesses are based on what the hospital can offer best and what it cannot offer best. The opportunities and threats for the hospital come from the external resources, the regulations and partnerships. Considering the strengths of the hospital, it is beyond doubt that patients receive a wide variety of quality services. This is seen in respect of the fact that the hospital staff is keen on complying with the code of ethics, maintains up-to-date records related to patient care and provides the option of applying Medicaid and Medicare to ease the cost of medical care. Maintaining accurate and up-to date records is important in ensuring that all aspects of patient care including billing are properly done. This in effect helps in the avoidance of medical malpractice with its accompanying negative effects, the worst being patient death. The hospital also flourishes in its endeavor to provide quality care in that it has a wide variety of facilities that are useful in screening diseases. The hospital’s emphasis on continuous education also implies that it is keen to ensure that the right treatments methods are applied in caring for patients. These combinations of positive factors have a compounded effect in attracting more patients to the hospital. The hospital needs to maintain and if possible improve on these strengths if it has to continue enjoying its position as a market leader in the provision of nursing care. As noted by many a human

An Examination of Racism in the Deep South of America Essay Example for Free

An Examination of Racism in the Deep South of America Essay An Examination of Racism in the Deep South of America From the1930s to the 1960s through a variety of texts. Race: a group of persons having a common ancestor family, kindred people, genus, species, breed, variety, or class of persons That is what the dictionary says, so why so much hatred, politics and fuss The Anglo American slave trade, started in the 16th century when the first Hispanic people settled in Mexico and the Caribbean. From there, the other Europeans who migrated took black Africans to work on their cotton and tobacco plantations. This started the very wealthy Slave Triangle in which many Captains sought profit. The ships would sail empty from England, Spain, France or Portugal to the African countries to catch slaves. After filling their holds with human cargo they would set sail for the Caribbean. Once there, the Captains sold the slaves to the dealers in return for cotton or tobacco, which they would sell for a large profit back at home. These slaves were then the full property of their masters and he or she could do anything they liked to them and treat them in anyway they wanted to. One example of this is an advertisement in the Royal Gazette (Kingston Jamaica) saying; Runaway, about 15 months ago a Negro man of the Mungola country named Jamaica also about two months ago, two Negro men named James and Sambo a reward of i 10 for Jamaica and a Half Joe each for James and Sambo Also stolen or strayed a Bright Bay Northward HORSE also a small JACK ASS a reward of a pistole will be given for each This shows that their masters treated the slaves with about as much respect and sense of belonging as a horse or donkey. Such disregard upset many Americans and so some spoke out against it. In 1861, because they would not agree to abolish slavery, the Southern States left the Union of American States. This created even more outcry until Abraham Lincoln , the then President of America declared war on the Southern States. The American Civil War was fought between 1861 and 1865. It destroyed most of the agricultural land in the South and drained it of its wealth. After the Civil War the United States of America was formed. During the next 5 10 years the Northerners set in place a number of laws giving back human and civil rights to the black people. Initially this idea worked, but due to the hostility of the Southern confederacy these changes eventually failed. The Yankees that is the Northern Army and Governors called the changes they made reconstruction, but after they left, using a number of loopholes in the Law, the Southern Governors set in place many new rules. These were called the Jim Crow Laws and they segregated the black former slaves from the white people completely, thereby undoing all the good work done by the Northerners. The following time of white supremacy was called redemption This time of redemption and segregation was a hard time for the blacks; 1) Their voting rights were taken away 2) The money for black schools was diverted to white education. 3) There were separate buses for coloured and white people, or no bus at all. An example of this is given in the Novel Roll of Thunder where the Logan children have to dive into a ditch up to their chests, or in the case of Little Man- swim, to avoid the oncoming Jefferson Davies school bus and its ruthless driver. It was around this time when the Depression hit America. The South was hit especially hard and the price of cotton fell dramatically. This downturn in the economy created serious hardship for the majority of people, both black and white. The arrival of new technology added to the hardship as cotton looms and ploughs cut work loads, making one person and one tractor able to do the work of eight men and eight mules. Publicity of the suffering of the South created Aid and money from Northern Citizens, but due to the amount of corruption the blacks did not benefit from this. Some workers, both black and white, joined together to fight for more money and better working conditions, and as a result the rich landowners and vigilantly race hate groups like the Ku Klux Klan used violence to break up their protests and demonstrations. Racism comes in three forms Verbal, Physical and Institutional Verbal Why did the white people feel that they could say something offensive and why did they even say it in the first place? In the Novel Roll of Thunder, Little Man receives a book from his teacher for the new term. He eagerly thumbs through it but to his horror finds a form that reads: Date Condition Owner Sept 1922 Good White Sept 1928 Good White Sept 1930 Average White Sept 1933 Very Poor Nigra The term nigra is very offensive and as a result the naive boy protests and gives the book back. His teacher, Mrs Crocker simply replies Well, thats what you are! . This shows that even teachers can happily pass off insulting words just because a coloured child had owned a book. A further insult was that the book was damaged, which was untrue. Another form of verbal abuse is when in the same book, a mob attempts to lynch TJ, and they decide to try and hang Pa Logan and Mr. Morrison, the human giant I say, what we oughtta do is take him down the road an take care of that big black giant of a nigger at the same time! And why not that boy he working for too? The boy they are referring to Pa Logan, a fully-grown, independent man. This is from the time of slavery, where the masters could speak to their slaves as they wished.

The Top-Down Theory Of Policy Implementation Essay Example for Free

The Top-Down Theory Of Policy Implementation Essay There are three well-defined theories on the implementation of policies.   One of these is the top-down school of thought, led by Van Meter and Van Horn (1975), Nakamura and Smallwood (1980) and Mazmanian and Sabatier (1983), which describes the act of putting policies into action as a hierarchical operation of a centrally-defined policy plan.   Unlike the bottom-up theory of policy implementation (Hjern and Hull, 1982) which is motivated by daily problem-solving tactics, the top-down theory focuses on the capacity of the decision makers to generate clear and definite policy goals and management strategies during policy implementation. The theory is based on the premise that a motion has been formulated by a decision-making body or central council.   The tenet of this theory is that there is a direct correlation between a policy and an actual outcome, and in turn, take no consideration of the effect of implementers on the actual delivery of the policy.   This rigid approach perceives the theory in a simple straightforward formula wherein the policy is the input itself and the implementation as the actual output.    In addition, the employment of a chain of command in the top-down theory creates an impression that this school of thought is a â€Å"governing elite phenomenon.†Ã‚   Thus, the idea of implementation actually means that bureaucratic measures are to be launched to guarantee that the policies will be perfectly carried out.   Such setting will require a reliable amount of resources, since the theory acts on a command-level basis.   Several agencies will be necessary for the monitoring and implementation of policies, making sure that the goals per level are accomplished to the exact detail and expectation. There are a number of variables that influence policy implementation using the top-down approach—1) the policy objectives should be clear and consistent, 2) the program is based on a legitimate causal theory, 3) the implementing personnel or officials are committed to the objectives of the program, and 4) the implementation program is properly configured. The theory seems to be strong and reliable, but knowing the principle behind the top-down theory, this will entail a huge network of personnel that will individually work out their assignments at their respective control level.   The precise functioning of such hierarchical structure is therefore very difficult to actually execute unless the program heads or leaders are extremely driven to see the ultimate results of their policy implementation. Another shortcoming of the top-down theory involves the characteristic that the policy goals can not be changed.   This setting requires that a policy and its goals can only be modified after a consensus is reached by the governing body.   However, before a consensus is achieved, several evaluations and reassessments are necessary, in order to convince the majority of the governing body that a change is necessary and justifiable.   Therefore, a successful strategy for policy implementation should involve a meticulous, cautious and rigorous program design that will withstand problems relating to the implementation of a policy through a sequence of authority. References Hjern, B. and Hull, C. (1982). Implementation Research as Empirical Constitutionalism. Eur. J. Polit. Res.   10(2):105-116. Mazmanian, D. and Sabatier, P. (1983):   Implementation and Public Policy. Glenview: Scott. Nakamura, R. and Smallwood, F (1980): The Politics of Policy Implementation. New York: St.Martin’s Press. Van Meter, D., and Van Horn, C. (1975):   The Policy Implementation Process. A Conceptual Framework. Administration and Society   6:445-488.

The Role Of The Modern Constrction Project Manager Construction Essay

The Role Of The Modern Constrction Project Manager Construction Essay Construction project manager is the responsible person to handle overall construction of projects from start to end, successfully complete the project within on Time, Cost, and Quality. As the educational Qualifications, They are degree holders or having relevant equivalent qualifications in the field of civil engineering, construction management or construction sciences. There are critical responsibilities relevant to the construction project manager roles; hence he should mange the project in a proper way to achieve the project goals. A Construction project is a temporary endeavor to create an inimitable product or service. Construction Projects generally include constraints and risks concerning cost, schedule or performance outcome. This management process specially consists of some specific functions such as, Project Initiation, Planning, Organizing, Controlling and Managing of Resources for completion of the project successfully within a scheduled time, cost and quality. There are nine project management processes Such as, Scope Management, Schedule Management, Budget Management, Quality Management, Team Management, Stakeholder Management, Information Management, Risk management, Contract Management. Cost controlling system is a critical activity of the cost management process, to run the project without commercial backlog. (Refer to Chat 1.02) Final inspection should carry out by the Construction Project Manager after completion of constructions of the project. He must re-check all approval for quality of work, testing and commissioning reports, scope verification etc. INTRODUCTION As a spectacular construction project manager who is broadly discuses within this report about Modern Construction Project Management Process for the purpose of make understand of client. Describing identified critical phases of management process how to manage and how to obtain a maximum turnover of the project through proper management methods. As well as to archive the project goals in terms of time, Quality, Cost, Safety. Hence in this study will be discussed some significant project management key measures, such as role of the modern construction project manager, effective modern project management process and how to contribute to improve the time, quality and cost to construction project. MAIN BODY Who is the construction project manager? Construction project manager is the responsible person to handle overall construction of projects from start to end. His duty will be act as the representative of the client, as well as complete contribution for the successful initiation, planning, execution and close-out of a project. Construction project managers are engaged with particular management activities for managing construction projects in a proper way, hence they have the specialized knowledge for project planning, directing, coordinating and budgeting process. As examples for construction projects; Commercial buildings, Industrial buildings, Schools hospitals, Roads bridges, Water treatment plants, and also specialized civil engineering works, etc; Educational Background of the Construction Project Manager Generally they are degree holders or having relevant equivalent qualifications in the field of civil engineering, construction management or construction sciences. Also some of them are promoted as construction managers from supervisory level having sufficient experience. Other added qualifications will be; ability of having flexibility, making clear decisions for managing and resolving problems, good understanding about engineering drawings and very good knowledge of operating computer software. And also talented with good communication skills, leadership skills to have a good relationship with relevant parties, The Construction Project Managers Responsibilities: There are critical responsibilities relevant to the construction project manager roles; hence he should mange the project in a proper way to achieve the project goals. His responsibilities and duties in brief are as follows; Study the condition of construction site and prepare a feasibility study report to get understanding about what type of land required for the project. Prepare master program coordinate with the planner and discuss with the employer. Execute as a key role in project planning, budgeting, and identification of resources required. Organize the construction team, developing the objectives, goals of each and allocate individual responsibilities. Managing project cash-flow and minimizing exposures and risks in the project. Manage/ monitor the construction activity progress in line with the project schedule. Keep well communication with all contractors. And also co-ordinate with all parties whom are involved in the project. Advising the employer related with finance and cost controlling. Monitoring strictly budgetary guidelines, quality and safety standards. Periodic inspections of construction sites. Heading of project kick off meetings and periodic progress meetings as required Obtaining of all necessary permits and licenses as per the project requirements. Preparations for handing over process in respect to the agreed contract master Program. In addition, there are some specific qualitative attributes in project management roles; ability to plan and organize a team effort, well client management and kindness building aptitude, talent to motivate, guide and increase morale of the teams, successful time management and logical decision-making skill, ability to handle work force, physical mental fitness and physically powerful focus on quality etc. What is a Construction Project? A Construction project is a temporary endeavor to create an inimitable product or service. Construction Projects generally include constraints and risks concerning cost, schedule or performance outcome. Every project has a start and an end. The end of a project is defined by the successful completion of the product or service. There are specific traits that all projects have in common. The most distinguishing feature is a specific time frame. Every project must have a clear, definitive objective and activity tasks, such as planning, organizing, Control and close-out tasks, and resource and project executions Key Characteristics of Projects are: Unique solution. Project boundaries. One-time effort, usually requiring specified resources. Specified start and Project Milestones. Concerning about project completion period. What is the Construction Project Management? According to the PM4DEV Project Management for Development Organizations, noted as; Project management is a process of leading a team of capable people in planning and implementing a series of related activities that need to be accomplished on a specific date with a limited budget. Because of its nature, coordinating all these activities requires a process approach. This management process specially consists of some specific functions such as, Project Initiation, Planning, Organizing, Controlling and Managing of Resources for completion of the project successfully within a scheduled time, cost and quality. General functions of construction project management usually include the following Project objectives and plans; (including definition of scope, scheduling, budgeting, setting performance requirements) Maximizing resource efficiency of labor, materials and equipment through a proper management. Implementing various operations through proper coordination and monitoring of planning, design, estimating, contracting and construction for the entire process. Developing effective communications and mechanisms for resolving conflicts Particularly project manager is the overall responsible person to implement the construction project management process in a proper way. Hence, Project Manager has the ultimate responsibility such as, Planning, Organizing, Controlling and successful completion of the project. Furthermore, explaining about project management process by below given chart will shows clearly. (Refer to Figure 2-1) Figure 2-1:Â   Basic Ingredients in Project Management Specific Benefits of the Construction Project Management Process There are specific benefits of Construction Project Management process, these benefits are very essential for the project success. Preferable efficiency in delivering services Improved/Increased/Enhanced customer satisfaction Enhanced effectiveness in delivering services Improved growth and development within your team Greater standing and competitive edge Opportunities to expand your services Better Flexibility Increased risk assessment, Quality Quantity However when executing the essential project management strategies; Construction project managers intent will focus to reach of the desired project goal. Essential Factors of Project Management Process Generally Construction projects have specific factors to contribute of project success or project fail. Each factor directly affect with other factors in order to archive the project objectives. Those are as follows; Project Team and Team Motivation. Project Manager. Project. Planning. Avoiding Scope Creep. Risk Management. Project Closure. Project Management Process According to the PM4DEV, its Project Management for Development Organizations as noted in the article, There are nine particular management processes under Construction project management, and to implement in a proper way by using specialized knowledge of the Project Manager. The nine project management processes are: Scope Management Schedule Management Budget Management Quality Management Team Management Stakeholder Management Information Management Risk management Contract Management Above management process have divided into two groups: Enabling processes Facilitating processes This management process phases are interrelated with entire project life cycle. Below given graphic chat will shows about interrelationship with management process and project lifecycle. Enabling Process (Scope, Schedule, Budget, Quality Management) Project Life Cycle (Initiation, Planning, execution, Controlling Monitoring, Close-out) Facilitating processes (Team, Stakeholder, Information, Risk management Contract Management) Figure 4.1 Project Management Processes and Phases Enabling Processes In the construction management process, enabling process include with project scope, schedule, budget and quality. Hence, these should enable to control some specific objectives of the project for the project success. Scope Management In the construction project management process; Scope management is a very critical for project success. Also project scope is the way to illustrate the boundaries of the project. Hence, Project Manager should aware and concerning the project scope. As a result of this, Project Manager is able to co-ordinate with designers to get update and control the project scope and also acknowledge of project team. Further about scope management by below given graphic chart will explain it briefly; Schedule Management Schedule Management is the development of a project schedule that includes all project activities, hence the Project Manager has to stick on starting and completion dates of each trade packages as programmed, and management team also has to monitor progress of construction and forecast the completion dates accordingly. If completion dates are not matching the master program, control process is required. As an example; assumed some work element unable to complete as programmed due to less progressing or late in starting. If so, it will affect to other work sections too, and delay occurs accordingly. Therefore, Project Manager should advice to allocate additional resources to accelerate the delayed work section to complete it as pre- programmed. Budget Management Budget Management process is required to ensure the project is completed within the estimated budget. Hence, this is the vital responsibility of the Construction Project Manager to handle and complete the project within allocated budget of the project. As well as monitor and control the cost of project at both pre post contract stages, also these are important parts of the management process. Quality Management Quality Management is the process to ensure that the project will satisfy the needs of the beneficiaries. Hence, Project Manager has to monitor and control the quality of work and develop the quality plan. Also he has to allocate a experienced project coordinator to advice guide the contractor to maintain the quality of work. Each work element should be approved by a qualified quality controller or an Engineer prior to handover. Also he has to check the quality of materials and should be strict to the contractor to use standard materials for construction as specified in drawings and specifications to maintain the quality of work. Hence all materials should be approved by a quality controlling team prior to use for construction. Some of the most important quality tools are; Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle, Fishbone Diagram, Pareto Chart, Scatter Diagram, Decision Matrix, Flowchart, Stratification, Control Chart, Histogram, Brainstorming, Tree Diagram, etc; Facilitating processes This process includes with some specific functions such as, Team, stakeholder, information, risk, and contract management, these are facilitating to assist and make possible to achieve its objectives. Team Management Team management is a technique, processes and tools for organizing and coordinating a group of individuals working towards a common goal, there are some critical factors for success of the team management process, identify the roles responsibilities, reporting relationships and getting the people whom will be allocated to the project and team improvement. As well as team evaluation is very important part to identify the staff performances and their skill levels and required further development. Stakeholder Management Stakeholder Management include Stakeholder identify, analysis, planning and communication. Project Stakeholders are very important people for the project success. Hence, Project Manager has to manage them in a proper way, because of all of them having interested to the project success. As example Donors, Beneficiaries, Local Government Organizations Partners or Organizations are the Stakeholders of a Construction Project. Also, managing them and keeping good relationship in between stakeholders and project. Risk Management Identification of possible risks in advance is an important and major responsibility of a Project Manager. The project management team will be able to take necessary actions to avoid or minimize the risks by identifying them early. Safety of work, Economic matters, Weather conditions, political matters, etc; also includes in risk management. Hence, it is important to take required insurance for the construction, material on site, employees; third parties, etc; Methods and Techniques for influence the planning process At the Design Stage Existing plans to be used to observe design problems and identify most suitable techniques and methods during the design stage. Site visit and inspection carry out at recently completed projects, similar to this project in order to get proper analysis to minimize the possible design risks. Separate design department such as Architectural, MEP, and Civil Works need set-up to reduce design errors and to minimize the time. At the Construction Stage Supply Ready-mix concrete from nearest place for control project time and cost overrun. Use slip-forming method for special constructions, swimming pool and water tank tower. Project duration can be controlled using pre-cast concrete slabs for car park basement floors, walls etc. Use of eco bricks for structural walls boundary walls. Also cement, soils stabilizer can be used for wall plastering. Programming, scheduling and controlling Pre-Contract Stage Planning to start tendering process carry out prior to finish all the required designs. Project Specifications and requirements to be submitted at early stage to the specialized contractors. Soil investigation reports need to be handed over to the design consultant at the planning stage. Tenders should call for Pilling contractors once completing the design of pilling. Planning to carry out Site preparation works by others (Demolitions, filling and cutting, removing vegetation soil etc.) Required temporary facilities need put-up at project site. Take necessary action for site security by fencing, lighting etc. and also putting up security post as required. Post-Contract Stage Prepare the construction programme as per the construction works sequence. Actual performance to be achieved being reviewed weekly and monthly. Design modifications should incorporate when and where arise at the project. Review construction Programme frequently, in order to control project milestones. Monitor sub contractors activities regularly to check whether activities are in accordance with agreed timescales. Cost Controlling Cost controlling system is a critical activity of the cost management process, to run the project without commercial backlog. (Refer to Chat 1.02) Chart 1.02 Cost controlling and cost management system Pre contract cost management Generally preliminary budget estimate is prepared based on the clients intended budget and also concerning separate trade packages. As well as Cost plan (elemental analysis), Cost check, Tender reconciliation process also important activities for the cost controlling under pre contract stage. Post contract cost management BCIS slandered form is followed (Elemental Standard Form of Cost Analysis Principles, Instructions, Elements and Definitions 4th Edition) to prepare elementary cost analysis method and gaudiness. Further detail herein for cost control, using S- curve methods; (Refer to Chart 1.03) Chart 1.03 Cost control S-Curve (Programmed) Referring to the above diagram; it shows expenditure and income occurred. This is being monitored regularly, to avoid the cost overrun. . Safety of Work Safety of work is very important at the site to avoid delays and disputes in construction. Hence all employees should educate about safety matters and should provide safety equipments, also should be maintain proper safety standers for the project success. Closing and Handover the Project Final inspection should carry out by the Construction Project Manager after completion of constructions of the project. He must re-check all approval for quality of work, testing and commissioning reports, scope verification etc. CONCLUSION/ RECOMMENDATION When study through the report its present this conclusion; any construction projects can be successfully completed by implementing construction management process in a proper way and also critical responsibility of the project mangers having, as examples; considerable effort to be taken to avoid or minimize the project overrun time; cost and quality within obtain comprehensive effort for site investigation and feasibility study as well as all parties that involved at the design stage have to be worked as a team and to be collaborated to finalize and fulfillment of project designs, managing risks in a proper way and using management techniques to mitigate cost over runes. REFERENCE/ BIBLIOGRHAPY The Top 10 Benefits of Project Management http://theconstructor.org/constrution/project-quality-management-in-construction/292/ http://pmbook.ce.cmu.edu/09_Construction_Planning.html#9.1 Basic Concepts in the Development of Construction Plans WORD COUNT Word count 2127 Nos (Excludes Reference/ bibliography)

The Emergence of Yellow Power Essays -- Civil Rights

The common perspective of the civil rights movement is often seen from one angle: and that is the African American civil rights movement towards racial equality. And though this movement had significant historical context in American history, the pursuits of other minorities such as the Asian American civil rights movement are often undermined and overlooked. Yet, the Asian American movement surpassed the efforts of the African American movement despite the social and cultural obstacles faced with integrating into a new society. Through intrinsic cultural unity and the influences of the African American civil rights movement, the Asian American civil rights movement achieved more success than the African American civil rights movement by identifying with a common goal and creating organizations to combat racial discrimination and government hypocrisy. Described by journalist Amy Uyematsu as â€Å"victims--with less visible scars--of the white institutionalized racism†, Asian Americans faced similar, if not more brutal xenophobia and racism than African Americans especially given the circumstances and historical context. The post-WWII era unified blacks and whites against a common enemy and created an assimilated group that triggered the path towards racial equality--or in other words: the makings of a more equal and integrated society for blacks and whites. However, with post WWII Japanese resentment, the Vietnam War, and the Korean War, impressions of Asian Americans in the United States declined as those for African Americans rose. Moreover, the voice of Asian Americans often went unheard as they assimilated into a â€Å"White democracy†. As a result, the emergence of the â€Å"Yellow Power† movement began as a direct influence from... ...g/pages/naacp-history>. Nittle, Nadra Kareem. "Asian-American Civil Rights Movement – History of the Asian-American Civil Rights Movement." Race Relations. Web. 29 Mar. 2011. . "Phil Hayasaka." UW Departments Web Server. Web. 29 Mar. 2011. . "Sei Fuji v. California." Scribd. Web. 29 Mar. 2011. . Uyematsu, Amy. "The Emergence of Yellow Power In America." Web. . "What Was the 1965 Hart-Cellar Immigration Act? - Illegal Immigration - ProCon.org." Immigration ProCon.org - What Are the Solutions to Illegal Immigration in America? Web. 29 Mar. 2011. . The Emergence of Yellow Power Essays -- Civil Rights The common perspective of the civil rights movement is often seen from one angle: and that is the African American civil rights movement towards racial equality. And though this movement had significant historical context in American history, the pursuits of other minorities such as the Asian American civil rights movement are often undermined and overlooked. Yet, the Asian American movement surpassed the efforts of the African American movement despite the social and cultural obstacles faced with integrating into a new society. Through intrinsic cultural unity and the influences of the African American civil rights movement, the Asian American civil rights movement achieved more success than the African American civil rights movement by identifying with a common goal and creating organizations to combat racial discrimination and government hypocrisy. Described by journalist Amy Uyematsu as â€Å"victims--with less visible scars--of the white institutionalized racism†, Asian Americans faced similar, if not more brutal xenophobia and racism than African Americans especially given the circumstances and historical context. The post-WWII era unified blacks and whites against a common enemy and created an assimilated group that triggered the path towards racial equality--or in other words: the makings of a more equal and integrated society for blacks and whites. However, with post WWII Japanese resentment, the Vietnam War, and the Korean War, impressions of Asian Americans in the United States declined as those for African Americans rose. Moreover, the voice of Asian Americans often went unheard as they assimilated into a â€Å"White democracy†. As a result, the emergence of the â€Å"Yellow Power† movement began as a direct influence from... ...g/pages/naacp-history>. Nittle, Nadra Kareem. "Asian-American Civil Rights Movement – History of the Asian-American Civil Rights Movement." Race Relations. Web. 29 Mar. 2011. . "Phil Hayasaka." UW Departments Web Server. Web. 29 Mar. 2011. . "Sei Fuji v. California." Scribd. Web. 29 Mar. 2011. . Uyematsu, Amy. "The Emergence of Yellow Power In America." Web. . "What Was the 1965 Hart-Cellar Immigration Act? - Illegal Immigration - ProCon.org." Immigration ProCon.org - What Are the Solutions to Illegal Immigration in America? Web. 29 Mar. 2011. .

How to Sell A Website :: Sell Websites Buy Websites

How to Sell A Website Reprinted with permission of VotanWeb.com It is a joyous time when you are ready to sell your website. While you will be fraught with questions and unknown variables when ultimately you decide to sell your website it can be like winning a jackpot and a big change to your life. You might have been building your web business for years, consistently working on it day after day and night after night. When it finally sells you get a (hopefully) big cash injection and move on to new projects feeling renewed and excited about your future prospects. But before this can happen you have to make the sale, which in and of itself is a tricky task. I sold a website back in 2004 and at the time it was a pretty big deal for me. I had built the site for a hobby in 1998. The funny thing was I didn’t really think about selling my site because it was making money so consistently. It had become so routine that it was just part of my life. One day it dawned on me - Why can’t I sell it? It produces revenue so has a value - let’s give it a go! I really wanted to move on to other projects and just the idea of not having to look after the site was a huge relief - I knew selling it was the right thing to do. But how on earth do you sell a website? How To Sell A Website I’m going to recount the processes I went through to sell my site. By no means should you consider what I did as hard and fast rules but they should give you some guidelines. Remember that there are many ways you can go about the process and you should explore all your options before deciding to sell. How Much Is Your Site Worth? Your site is worth as much as someone is willing to give you for it. Simple answer really. I know, that doesn’t help when you go out advertising a site for sale and everyone is asking how much you want for it and you don’t know what to say. You don’t want to undercut yourself especially after years of hard work, but then again, you are selling a website - virtual property - it just seems a little bit strange doesn’t it.