SiriusXM Industry Profile - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 479 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/06/14 Category Management Essay Level High school Tags: Profile Essay Did you like this example? SiriusXM is a satellite radio corporation with approximately 32.7 million subscribers as of 2018. They broadcast music, news, and entertainment programming, mostly ad free, via satellites and corresponding terrestrial facilities. SiriusXM currently controls almost 30% of the US radio market, with its closest competitor, iHeartMedia Inc., trailing behind with only 17.5% of the market under its control. Its primary competitors are iHeartMedia Inc., Entercom Communications Corporation, and Cumulus Media Inc. The company became what it is today through the merging of Sirius Satellite Radio and XM Satellite Radio in 2008, following a year long approval process from the FCC and the United States Department of Justice. XM Satellite Radio and Sirius Satellite Radio started airing programming via satellite in 2001 and 2002, respectively, but each company was founded in the early 90s pursuing the audio industry with the then current technology. The current company focuses on the US market primarily. They do not broadcast abroad, although they do have a division in Canada. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "SiriusXM Industry Profile" essay for you Create order Revenue is accumulated through subscription fees users pay to have programming delivered to their cars. Some talk shows and sports programming make money through traditional advertising, but this is minimal and not the norm. SiriusXM has partnerships with Acura, BMW, Ford, Kia, Subaru, and every other major car manufacturer in the United States, all of which manufacture cars with satellite compatible equipment so drivers dont have to purchase satellite radios apart from their automobile. SiriusXM is publicly traded, and the current share price is $6.14, down 11% from last month, likely due to the public believing their purchasing of Pandora was overvalued. Consequently, Pandoras stock shot up by 13% in September of 2018 when the deal was announced, because many were buying the Pandora stock they knew would soon merge with Sirius XM stock. Even with the devaluing of SiriusXM stock, the price of a share has only gone down 2% in the past six months and has actually gone up 6.98% in the past year, showing an overall positive trend. This bodes well for Liberty Media, which owns approximately 70% of Sirius XM stock as of May 2018. As previously stated, SiriusXM is planning to merge with past competitor Pandora for $3.5 billion, signaling a shift into Internet Radio following the advent of streaming services like Pandora, Spotify, and Tidal. This deal has been approved since September 2018, but will not be official until some point during the first quarter of the following year. Through this deal SiriusXM will gain the audience Pandora currently possesses and both companies will benefit from the natural synergy of merging these two audio powerhouses. The company recently launched SiriusXM with 360L, a new service, airing through satellite but customized through the internet, which takes in what users listen to and customizes their experience with recommendations and spotlight channels. This service is subsequent to them recently launching an On Demand option for users. SiriusXMs revenue is projected to go up by 8.6% to $5,889 million in 2018, from $5,425.1 million in 2017.

Essay on History of Rumba, Merengue and Salsa - 1379 Words

According to Holger Henke in his The West Indian Americans, Jamaican Rex Nettleford was correct when he said, â€Å"’dance was a primary instrument of survival’.† As such a vital part of cultural traditions, dance plays and integral role in the history culture. Three of the most influential styles of dance in the Caribbean are the Rumba, The Merengue, and the Salsa. The word Rumba is defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary as â€Å"a ballroom dance of Haitian and Dominican origin in 2/4 time in which one foot is dragged on every step.† Here, however, Rumba is a collection of percussive rhythms, song and dance that originated in Cuba as a combination of the musical traditions of Africans brought to Cuba as slaves and Spanish colonizers. The term†¦show more content†¦What we know today as Ballroom Rumba is basically son and not based on the authentic folk rumba. The first serious attempt to introduce the rumba to the United States was in 1913 but real interest in Latin music began about 1929. In the late 1920s, Xavier Cugat formed an orchestra that specialized in Latin American music and opened at the Coconut Grove in Los Angeles and later played at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York. By the end of the decade he was recognized as having the outstanding Latin orchestra of the day. Monsieur Pierre was Londons leading teacher of the Rumba and in 1955 he and his partner, Doris Lavelle, introduced the true Cuban Rumba which was finally established after much argument, as the official recognized version in 1955. During this time, the intellectual movement known as Afrocubanismo, a sort of mass relization of the value of African culture (especially in the Caribbean), gave roots to traditional rumba. When this afrocubanismo movement came along, it helped open the doors to African rooted dancing and ways of expression. Rumba became more accepted among Cubans and was a recognized cultural expression that identified as a part of the Cuban people. It also provided the means at that point of public expression for those without representation in the media, the Afro-Cubans. Today, Rumba is most commonly performed informally and can be broken down into three types:Show MoreRelatedThe History of Dance9217 Words   |  37 Pagesof dance names; Argentine Tango - history of Argentine Tango and Milonga. Argentine Tango History - Milonga and Argentine Tango history by Mike Higgins Ballet History - Into a fantasy world: A history of ballet (offsite: CBC) Breakdance - traces the origins of break dance. Cha Cha - history of cha cha. Clogging - clog dancing or clogging, as it is sometimes known, takes its origins from square dancing. This is not where or how clogging began however. Disco - history of disco dancing. Flamenco and theRead MoreMore Zumba, Less Childhood Obesity1489 Words   |  6 Pagesas an afterschool activity would give the child time to exercise and give the parent time to run errands. While Zumba is a culturally interactive exercise for boys and girls of all ages, obesity in children is also dependent on culture and family history (O’Dea). Western societies believe that being fat is a gluttony and sloth, which reflect sin in a religious aspect. Pakistani and Indian cultures, however, believe that doctors and/or nurses are selfish, inappropriate, and disrespectful when the patientsRead MoreLatin American Music And Latin America Essay1926 Words   |  8 Pagesfestival stages equipped with numerous instruments, the music of Latin America has continued to inspire and empower with its distinctive and expressionistic style. Latin American Music stems from a highly influenced culture, which results in rich history, unique rhythm, and an undeniable passion from its artists. The evolution of Latin American Music can be organized within four time periods: Pre-Columbian Cultures, Early Centuries of Conquest, Formation of National Cultures, and The Modern EraRead MoreMusic in the Caribbean3392 Words   |  14 PagesRican aguinaldo and Jamaican mento to more contemporary music such as salsa and reggae. They are each syntheses of African, European, Indian and Indigenious influences, largely created by African slave descendants, along with contribution from other communities. Some of the styles that gained wide popularity outside of the Caribbean includes reggae, zouk, salsa, bouyon, calypso, soca, reggaeton and punta. The diverse history of Caribbean music begins with tribal music from the Native Americans that

Fitzgeralds Satire on the American Dream in the Great Gatsby free essay sample

In order to support this message, Fitzgerald presents the original aspects of the American Dream along with its modern face to show that the once impervious dream is now lost forever to the American people. This world takes a look at the fact that the rich and powerful were able to get away with whatever they want and simple ideals were forgotten. As the average American in the 1920s became more captivated with wealth and everyday luxuries, some began satirizing the hypocrisy and greed they observed. Fitzgerald conveys these observations with the general hopelessness of the book. Gatsby is one who is most hopeful to the American Dream, he embodies the belief in it, but he soon finds out that the very wealth and recognition that he so coveted was what caused the destruction all his beliefs. F. Scott Fitzgerald credits the destruction of the American Dream to wealth, privilege, and the lack of humanity that those aspects create. We will write a custom essay sample on Fitzgeralds Satire on the American Dream in the Great Gatsby or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Money is clearly identified as the main culprit in the dreams death. It becomes easily entangled with hope and success and replacing their positions in the American Dream with materialism. This is shown through Gatsbys use of illegal practices and underground connections to make money. His lavish parties, huge mansion, and giant collection of clothing all represent his corruption. His use of status and privilege is demonstrated when his traffic violation is ignored by the police officer. But the worst qualities of the dreams modern face are evident in Tom and Daisy Buchanan, who live without any hopes or regrets because the foundation of their character is money and wealth. Nick describes the Buchanans as â€Å"careless people† who can retreat back into their money. Through the tragic story of Jay Gatsby and his failed attempt to reach his dream, F. Scott Fitzgerald also describes the tragic death of American values. The characters in The Great Gatsby are mere examples of Fitzgeralds message- the old American dream and all of its pure ideals have been replaced with money, greed, and materialism. Nick Carraway conveys this message as an outsider, an honest man from the mid-west who witnessed the whole affair as an observer. Fitzgerald shows us the life and death of the old American Dream. Fitzgeralds Satire on the American Dream in the Great Gatsby free essay sample In order to support this message, Fitzgerald presents the original aspects of the American Dream along with its modern face to show that the once impervious dream is now lost forever to the American people. This world takes a look at the fact that the rich and powerful were able to get away with whatever they want and simple ideals were forgotten. As the average American in the 1920s became more captivated with wealth and everyday luxuries, some began satirizing the hypocrisy and greed they observed. Fitzgerald conveys these observations with the general hopelessness of the book. Gatsby is one who is most hopeful to the American Dream, he embodies the belief in it, but he soon finds out that the very wealth and recognition that he so coveted was what caused the destruction all his beliefs. F. Scott Fitzgerald credits the destruction of the American Dream to wealth, privilege, and the lack of humanity that those aspects create. We will write a custom essay sample on Fitzgeralds Satire on the American Dream in the Great Gatsby or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Money is clearly identified as the main culprit in the dreams death. It becomes easily entangled with hope and success and replacing their positions in the American Dream with materialism. This is shown through Gatsbys use of illegal practices and underground connections to make money. His lavish parties, huge mansion, and giant collection of clothing all represent his corruption. His use of status and privilege is demonstrated when his traffic violation is ignored by the police officer. But the worst qualities of the dreams modern face are evident in Tom and Daisy Buchanan, who live without any hopes or regrets because the foundation of their character is money and wealth. Nick describes the Buchanans as â€Å"careless people† who can retreat back into their money. Through the tragic story of Jay Gatsby and his failed attempt to reach his dream, F. Scott Fitzgerald also describes the tragic death of American values. The characters in The Great Gatsby are mere examples of Fitzgeralds message- the old American dream and all of its pure ideals have been replaced with money, greed, and materialism. Nick Carraway conveys this message as an outsider, an honest man from the mid-west who witnessed the whole affair as an observer. Fitzgerald shows us the life and death of the old American Dream.

Evaluating Strategy and Performance in British Petroleum Essay Example For Students

Evaluating Strategy and Performance in British Petroleum Essay Best Practise Approach is a cosmopolitan set of HR patterns which when applied to an Administration, improves public presentation ( Beardwell A ; Claydon, 2010 ) . Resourced Based View Approach is concentrating on the internal resources of an Organisation under different signifiers of competition ( Boxall A ; Purcell, 2003 ) . Outline1 1.2 BP S BUSINESS STRATEGY2 Bettering Safety Culture: BP is making a new safety division with the authorization to supervise and step in in the company s operations around the universe ( Wong, 2010 ) .3 1.3 RELATING HR MODELS TO BP S BUSINESS STRATEGY4 1.4 BP S HR ISSUES5 Decision6 Section 2A7 2.0 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT OF LEADERS IN BP8 2.1 Introduction9 2.2 WHAT IS PERFORMANACE MANAGEMENT?10 2.3 BP S PERFORMANCE ISSUES11 2.3.1 COMMON PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT MISTAKES12 2.4 APPROACHES TO PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT IN BP13 2.4.1 Cardinal PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ( KPIs )14 2.4.2 ATTAINING EFFECTIVE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT IN BP15 Planning16 Monitoring17 Development18 REWARDING19 Evaluation20 Section 2B21 2.5 HOW PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ENHANCES EMPLOYEES TO DELIVER BUSINESS STRATEGY IN BP22 Decision 1.2 BP S BUSINESS STRATEGY After the oil spill in April 20, 2010, BP decided to follow new schemes to better safety such as: Improve Performance and Reward: BP would mensurate public presentation and wages based on safety, soundless running and operational hazard direction ( Pfeifer, 2010 ) . New Leadership: Leadership was cited to be indispensable to better BP s industry safety record. Until safety is driven from the top and non merely from HSE section, the necessary alteration will non go on ( Askeland, 2010 ) . Bettering Safety Culture: BP is making a new safety division with the authorization to supervise and step in in the company s operations around the universe ( Wong, 2010 ) . 1.3 RELATING HR MODELS TO BP S BUSINESS STRATEGY Reflecting on HR theoretical accounts, BP appears to be following best tantrum attack in bettering public presentation and wages ; bettering safety civilization via best practise attack and deploying resource-based position attack for new leading. Therefore, it can be deduced that BP adopted best tantrum attack based on administration scheme and associating this to HR scheme of improved employee public presentation. In add-on, BP adopts best practise attack in making a safety section thereby associating sets of HR practises to better public presentation of BP operations. It can besides be deduced that resource-based attack was adopted by internally naming a new leader to better public presentation. Newly appointed BP CEO, Bob Dudley gave a address on 25th October, 2010, that BP will larn from and use best pattern attack in the administration ( Wong, 2010 ) .Does this suggest BP is following Best Practise? Disadvantages of best practise are its sheer diverseness, weak corporate issue of work administration and employees voice ( Boxall A ; Purcell, 2003 ) . Disadvantages of best tantrum are employees involvements are overlooked, some houses are good all arounder so HR patterns unlikely to be based on one scheme, deficiency of edification in description of competitory scheme ( Beardwell A ; Claydon, 2010 ) . Disadvantages of resource-based position are: it focuses on internal context of the concern, ignores value and significance of common baseline features across industries ( Beardwell A ; Claydon, 2010 ) . 1.4 BP S HR ISSUES BP s HR issues identified are: no hazard rating, deficiency of employee s voice, hapless preparation on safety processs, hapless leading, deficiency of corporate civilization, and hapless public presentation direction systems ( Campbell, 2007 ) . Decision From the above, the importance of HR theoretical accounts alining to BP s scheme is imperative as it facilitates betterment of Organisational public presentation. This ensures appropriate HR theoretical accounts are synchronized to concern patterns therefore increasing chance for successful implementation.A Furthermore, an administration may take to use one or more combination ( s ) of HR theoretical accounts to accommodate specific demands. For case, an Administration might follow best practise attack towards bettering public presentation. This invariably may germinate and aline itself to the human resource scheme, therefore stoping up as best tantrum approach.A Section 2A 2.0 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT OF LEADERS IN BP 2.1 Introduction The ground for the pick in this country of human resource activity in British Petroleum is due to the designation of hapless Performance Management System. The essay aims at analyzing public presentation measuring of BP leaders, what attack should be implemented and how public presentation direction will assist the forces achieve high degree of organizational public presentation. 2.2 WHAT IS PERFORMANACE MANAGEMENT? Performance Management is a procedure which enhances the effectual direction of persons and squads to accomplish high degree of organizational public presentation ( Armstrong A ; Baron, 2005 ) . Performance Management is a system which relates to every facet of an administration set in context of its human resource policies, manner, civilization and communicating systems , and by deduction will change from one administration to another ( Armstrong A ; Baron, 2005 ) . Armstrong and Baron argue the rule value of public presentation direction is to give a holistic apprehension about the aims, and an attack in efficaciously fostering and taking people who will guarantee that it is achieved ( Beardwell A ; Claydon, 2010 ) . CIPD Fact Sheet on Performance Management ( Cannell, 2010 ) , states it should be: Strategic it is about broader issues and longer- term ends. Integrated It should associate assorted facets of the concern, people direction and squads. And it should integrate: Performance Improvement- for Organisational effectivity. Training- unless there is uninterrupted professional development of forces, public presentation will stagnate. Behaviour Management- forces should be encouraged in a manner that encourages better working relationships. 2.3 BP S PERFORMANCE ISSUES The BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico was one of tremendous proportions with far making effects within the part. Based on The Wall Street Journal, between 2007 and 2010, BP in a command to increase net income borders cut 7500 occupations and trimmed one million millions of dollars off their operational costs. As a consequence, in 2008 there was an addition in net income border of $ 25.6 billion and a evaluation of being the 2nd largest oil company ( Hershman, 2010 ) . Some Neo-Freudian Views On A Serial Killer EssayCommunication: It is imperative to guarantee effectual communicating throughout the Administration by associating the aims of the single constituents within the group. This will affect a well laid out chart of mutualities between the assorted concern sections clearly demoing the functional and public presentation relationships that all add up to accomplishing the ends of BP ( Armstrong, 2006 ) . Guaranting all stakeholders understand their functions: This is really critical in puting the phase for engagement by both employees and direction forces to the Organisation s ends and aims. BP Leaders should concentrate on this as it is common topographic point to happen unsettling voices and belittling behavior forms amongst employees that do nt hold a sense of belonging within the Organisation s broader concern scheme. This constantly makes the vision simple for all involved and easier to run with ( Armstrong, 2006 ) . Harmonizing to Hansen ( 2006 ) , employees perform safely when functions, duty and relationahips are good defined and aligned to the administration. Training and Development: This ensures each person is equipped with needed accomplishment and ability to run into their contractual duties within the BP corporate scheme. It will hold to travel beyond single preparation on relevant work sets which in itself are good nevertheless ; a broader development plan should be evolved with a position towards guaranting Organisational capableness of the BP group ( Armstrong, 2006 ) . Ensure uninterrupted reappraisal and feedback: This would assist extinguish complacence on the portion of forces by incorporating such reappraisals into the full corporate scheme. It is extremely likely that a cohesive and good structured Organisational Chart with a series of cheques and balances will observe any issue early plenty and pull upon exigency systems merely in clip to forestall tremendous catastrophes similar to that in the Gulf of Mexico ( Cannell, 2010 ) .BP s employees would execute safely if prosodies measured do safety an of import step of their public presentation ( Hansen, 2006 ) Wages: The non-financial wagess such as counsel on calling waies, range to develop accomplishments and chances to accomplish are longer permanent and more powerful impact than fiscal wages ( Armstrong, 2006 ) . BP should honor staff based on safety public presentation and competency as this would promote occupation battle and advance committedness ( Hansen, 2006 ) . Planning Monitoring Development REWARDING Evaluation Figure 2.4.2: Performance Management Five Key Components: Beginning: ( Anon. , 2001 ) Section 2B 2.5 HOW PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ENHANCES EMPLOYEES TO DELIVER BUSINESS STRATEGY IN BP Leadership: For Performance Management to be effectual, Organizational members must accept it, believe it is worth the clip and be motivated to utilize it ( Pulakos, 2009 ) . BP Leaders should acknowledge that safety requires a conjunct attempt by everyone, from brotherhood and non-union to direction ( Hansen, 2006 ) . Therefore, success depends, foremost on the top direction support for the public presentation direction system ( Pulakos, 2009 ) . MEASUREMENT AND REWARD: BP Leaderships should utilize prima safety indexs with lagging incident steps to make a composite metric, which would enable employees and directors to carry through safety ends and to supply a scorecard to mensurate their success ( Hansen, 2006 ) . Based on this measuring, BP Leaders can honor employees and directors on first-class safety public presentation. A cardinal rule of honoring employees and directors is to associate it straight to public presentation ; this will take to motive. However, fillips must non go a everyday that employees and directors regard them as merely another entitlement ( Anonymous, 1997 ) . Communication: BP Leaderships should follow an effectual communicating system, informing employees on the clear outlooks, planning and assemblage undistorted feedback on safety ( Hansen, 2006 ) . However, if BP employees are voicing similar concerns about the new public presentation direction system, a great trade of good will should be generated to turn to the issue. This will demo employees that their determination are taken into consideration and therefore take to motive ( Pulakos, 2009 ) . Training: Harmonizing to Pulakos ( 2009 ) , employees and directors need to be able and motivated to carry on public presentation direction efficaciously. Thus, developing aids to carry through both of these aims. BP leaders should develop their staff on safety utilizing the schoolroom preparation attack as this gives room for feedback, training and development procedure. An advantage of utilizing the same preparation content for both directors and employees is that the same information on safety will be received and this can increase trust in how the system should be implemented. However, another position is that BP should develop staff at major measure of the public presentation direction procedure as this can be done at different point of the twelvemonth instead than a full twenty-four hours developing prior to the execution ( Pulakos, 2009 ) . RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION: Harmonizing to CIPD, Talent direction is a critical tool which should be aligned to public presentation direction. Talent direction is placing, developing, prosecuting and deploying persons with high potency who are of peculiar value to the administration ( CIPD, 2009 ) . Therefore BP should enroll the endowments of persons who would do a difference in the public presentation of an administration based on dependability and cogency choice trials. This is an indispensable procedure as this will guarantee the right people with the right accomplishments are at the right topographic point at the right clip ( CIPD, 2009 ) . 360 DEGREE FEEDBACK: BP Leaderships should implement utilizing the 360 degree feedback to acquire public presentation information of employees and directors from their co-workers, supervisor and clients ( Pulakos, 2009 ) . The feedback provides a perceptive about the accomplishments and behaviors desired in the Organisation to carry through the ends ( Kermally, 1997 ) . This will assist increase BP s persons self consciousness and the engagement of the people at all degrees of the Organisation. This reappraisal system helps better communicating and public presentation. Decision In visible radiation of the foregoing, it would look obvious that there is non a standardized solution that sufficiently addresses Performance direction as KPIs differ from one administration to another. Furthermore, edifice on the premiss that Performance Measurement is a uninterrupted procedure, its success is hence to be hinged on finding, dedication and uninterrupted reappraisal through which Organisations can ever measure the efficaciousness of their chosen prosodies and non merely do alterations ( where necessary to guarantee ends are being met ) but besides set higher criterions and ends to guarantee the Administration is at the highest degrees of public presentation.

A Critical Approach To Barn Burning (by William Faulkner) Essays

A critical approach to ?Barn Burning? (by William Faulkner) ?Barn Burning? is a sad story because it very clearly shows the classical struggle between the ?privileged? and the ?underprivileged? classes. Time after time emotions of despair surface from both the protagonist and the antagonist involved in the story. This story outlines two distinct protagonists and two distinct antagonists. The first two are Colonel Sartoris Snopes (?Sarty?) and his father Abner Snopes (?Ab?). Sarty is the protagonist surrounded by his father antagonism whereas Ab is the protagonist antagonized by the social structure and the struggle that is imposed on him and his family. The economic status of the main characters is poor, without hope of improving their condition, and at the mercy of a quasi-feudal system in North America during the late 1800's. Being a sharecropper, Ab and his family had to share half or two-thirds of the harvest with the landowner and out of their share pay for the necessities of life. As a result of this status, Ab and his family know from the start what the future will hold -- hard work for their landlord and mere survival for them. No hope for advancement prevails throughout the story. Sarty, his brother and the twin sisters have no access to education, as they must spend their time working in the fields or at home performing familial duties. Nutrition is lacking ?He could smell the coffee from the room where they would presently eat the cold food remaining from the mid-afternoon meal? (PARA. 55). As a consequence, poor health combined with inadequate opportunity results in low morale. A morale which the writer is identifying with the middle class of his times ?that same quality which in later years would cause his descendants to over-run the engine before putting a motor car into motion? (PARA. 20) The Snope family manages to survive and find work. However, the work offers little other than a chance for survival ?I reckon I'll have a word with the man that aims to begin tomorrow owning me body and soul for the next eight months? (PARA 40). Like nomads they were forced to move constantly. Due to seasons and crop rotation, in order to secure work they had to reserve land with different landowners. Ab's emotional instability is a predominant factor contributing to his erratic behavior throughout the story. The family has moved a dozen times from farm to farm, and at times forced to forfeit their agreement with the landlord due to Ab's unacceptable behavior. A behavior which throughout the story is transformed into a rebellion, by Ab smearing the landowner's carpet with horse manure and then suing him for charging him too much for the damage. These acts symbolize frustration with the system and a radical approach to rebel against it. Knowing that punishment could not be avoided when committing such acts, Ab's actions take on a more dramatic meaning as if he is trying to convey a message. He is aware of the economic injustice and he must respond even at the risk of him and his family being prosecuted or ostracized. Ab's constant rebellion is displayed by a rough, sour character and exemplified when he burns his landlord's barn down. He feels despair and loss, and inflicts damage to whomever he happens to be working for. Although the story centers on the feelings and thoughts of Ab's youngest son Sarty, the economic implications of his entire family play a vital role in justifying (not condoning) his father's behavior, which is the pivotal reason for Sarty's controversial feelings on which the whole story is based. Sarty's main dilemma is his loyalty to his family which collides with his disappointment and suppressed dislike of his own father. He tends to hide his feelings by denying the facts, ?our Enemy he though in that despair; ourn! mine and hisn both! He's my Father!? (PARA. 1) and ?The boy said nothing. Enemy! Enemy! he thought; for a moment he could not even see, could not see that the Justice's face was kindly.? (PARA. 10). The story's emotional turns are clearly defined by Sarty's thoughts and Ab's actions. Sarty's dilemma and Ab's frustrations continually grab the reader, serving up a series of emotionally laden

ESL Lesson Plan Using Suggestopedia

ESL Lesson Plan Using Suggestopedia During a workshop held by Lori Ristevski concerning the practical application of Brain Friendly Learning (otherwise known as effective/affective learning), Lori stated that this method of teaching is based on the idea that effective learning is suggestive in nature, not direct. In other words, learning takes place through a combination of different types of right and left brain functions. She stated that long-term memory is semi-conscious and that we must sidetrack people with other things in order to allow them to receive information through peripheral perception. In order to  understand these concepts, Lori led us through a concert. A concert is basically a story read (or sung by some) out loud by the teacher. Students concentrate on understanding the story and not on learning new vocabulary, grammar etc. Following are the steps of this exercise and an example text for a concert. An important principle applied to this exercise (and, I imagine, all effective/affective materials) is the repeated exposure to new material. Music is also played in the background as a means of stimulating right brain participation. A Concert Step 1: Read (or sing in a quasi-recitative style - good luck ;-) the concert to students. Make sure to not introduce the new material before the concert.Step 2: Have students split up into teams. Read the concert back with pauses, the focus information being presented, for the students to fill in. Each correct answer gets a point. For example: You are working on introducing prepositions, you have read the concert and now read John went ____ the store ___ the corner. Students shout out into! and on! and the various teams get points.Step 3: Have students, in their respective teams, take cards (that you have prepared) with the new words/phrases on them. Students then place the cards in the correct order of usage or combine them with other cards to make sense. For example: Cards have been created with prepositions and nouns. Students need to then match up the correct preposition with the noun.Step 4: Have students make up sentences, in turn, using the paired up cards. For example: Stude nt A takes the pair into, store and says, He went into the store to buy some food. Now, heres the concert text. Thanks to another colleague, Judith Ruskin, for having created this text. The target language areas of this text are verb preposition, and adjective preposition combinations. Once upon a time, there was a young man who was addicted to chocolate. He ate it for breakfast in the morning, at lunch and dinner - it seemed that he was never tired of eating it. Chocolate with cornflakes, chocolate on toast, chocolate, and beer - he even boasted of eating chocolate and steak. He was married to a beautiful woman whom he had met when he was recovering from flu. She was a nurse, responsible for all the patients in the area and very content with her job. In fact, the only problem these two had was his dependence on chocolate. One day the young wife decided on a plan to make her husband allergic to chocolate forever. She confided in her best friend and asked her to cooperate with her in playing a trick on her husband. She was aware of the fact that her friend suffered from rats and she asked if she could borrow some of her rat poison. Her friend was a little surprised at the request but agreed to it and gave her the poison. The young wife hurried home and started work in the kitchen, very satisfied with herself. An hour later she emerged from the kitchen proudly carrying a large chocolate cake and the empty tin of rat poison. Darling - Ive made a lovely chocolate cake for you! she called fondly. Down the stairs, the greedy husband ran and in short time he had polished it off, right down to the last crumb. He was released from the hospital after only two weeks. He never accused his wife of poisoning him, but he was always slightly suspicious of her. Needless to say, he never again touched chocolate. Well, as you can tell my colleague is British and has that touch of famed British love of black humor... For further information on effective/affective learning: SEALSociety for Effective Affective Learning. UK based global association promoting effective/affective learning. SuggestopediaAn introduction to Suggestopedia through a look at documentation on the Net concerning its theory, practice,  and principles. BRAIN friendly English Learning Take a look at this exciting approach to learning/teaching English which focuses on using all areas of the brain while enjoying learning.

The Evolution of Communication Technology and Personal Impact Coursework

The Evolution of Communication Technology and Personal Impact - Coursework Example Even the style of learning was primitive. Many of the natural sciences were still in their first stages of development and the only way that information could be shared was through books. The one drawback was language and the ability to mass-produce. Literacy was a privilege among many cultures, so while everyone could speak their respective language, very few could write and read it. These books were also extremely valuable as not many copies were available during these periods. At many times, only one or two copies would have existed in the world. As such, learning and communication hindered human growth intellectually (Greff, 1987). The first real use of electronic communication started with the advent of Morse code. Samuel F. B. Morse created Morse code in the beginning of the 1840s. Communication and information was transmitted through a series of tones as either dots or dashes. A decoder could then be used to translate these messages (Noth, 1990). This was an extremely useful and important technological development in the age of communications. The biggest purpose was not that of education however, Morse code was instrumental in allowing communication of information and strategic planning during World War I and World War II (Mullener, 2002). This original development of communication technology would later come to serve as the communication of ideas, which is fundamental in scholasticism today. The next biggest leap in technology was the development of the first computers, which started in the mid twentieth century. At this time, the ancient computers were nowhere near the computers we use today. It was very common for a computer to take up many, many rooms in a single building and still only be... The Evolution of Communication Technology and Personal Impact As science and research developed during the many industrial and technological revolutions in the world, more and better technologies have been created. Every single person in the world is connected by a single technology alone: communications technology (Elahi, 2001). This includes cell phones, computers, Internet, etc. and they have all revolutionized the way in which we lead our lives. One of the most important developments that these technologies have influenced is the way in which we learn and assimilate information. Traditional learning in the classroom has been enhanced with computers and the Internet allows students to bring the world inside the classroom (Wingard, 2004). Personally, I have seen the benefits of this having been able to take classes while being able to still pursue an active career. The ways that the Internet and technology has developed has made it easier to learn as well as enhanced many aspects of learning to become multidiscipline. Mobile technologies h ave further revolutionized the educational system by allowing greater opportunities and greater exposure to new forms of learning, which can be beneficial to not only traditional students, but also those returning to school to earn their degree (Manner, 2003).  The first methods of communication were derived through writing. Technology has been existent in the past, present, and will be in the future. It shapes world events and the course of human development.

Writer's choice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writer's choice - Research Paper Example The word Islam equates to the English word ‘peace’ or ‘submission’. The core of teachings in the Qur’an largely focuses on good manners, worship and promotion of peace. The notions of forgiving others and sustaining healthy relationships with relatives and other members of the society are regarded in the highest esteem. Islam advises the followers to respect the laws of the country and avoid unlawful conduct in matters of daily life (Alavi, 205). Keeping in view the above mentioned teachings of Islam and by knowing that the vast majority of population in the Middle East follows the religion of Islam, one can safely infer that stability in the Middle East is largely due to a better understanding of Islam. As compared to rest of the Muslim world, the ability of Arabic population to better understand the word of Allah (God) makes them able to understand the significance of peace and obedience; the ultimate consequence of which is stability at the regional level. Flexibility is already a feature of sharia. Decisions about the various disputes are decided in accordance to the holistic conditions of both the parties. It is therefore apparent that although Islamic law is very strict about certain crimes, the overall purpose of punitive measures is an improved survival of the society as a whole. It should also be kept in mind that ‘flexibility’ and ‘discrimination’ are two distinct concepts and Islam does not allow discrimination due to flexibility in law

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Management - Essay Example C). Strategic decisions of an organization want to ensure its economic goals like profit maximization, volume, and the growth of organization. These decisions are largely influenced by their employees, customers and other stakeholders. Study of business ethics can be seen from different direction of business. Business Ethics relates to the need of ethical values in business decisions and plans. Ethics is also relevant in the context of corporate responsibility of an organization. Each organization has its own responsibilities to the society. Business ethics is a feeling of obligation to consider other human beings who are directly and indirectly involved in business activities. Business ethics also relates with good behavior of organization. Business ethics can also be deemed as an organization’s ability to ensure ethical value in its corporate decisions. The business strategy of each organization should depend on their ethical views; as such decisions affect various stakeholders. An organization’s responsibility to these stakeholders differs on the basis of its objectives. Example: An organization’s responsibility to its owner is making maximum profit and minimizing the cost. It further aims to ensure the growth and value of the business, the manager want to satisfy this responsibility at the same time they want to continue other responsibilities to the society, government, customer, employees etc. In this context all managers find themselves placed in a dilemma to take proper decision so that ethical decisions and corporate objectives stay in tandem with each other. This study aims to discuss about the problem of organizations’ social performance and economic performance. Economic performance is dealing with an organization’s main objective like making profit, generating revenue and reducing cost. On the other hand, the social performance of an organization pertains

A Study Of Food And Culture

A Study Of Food And Culture INTRODUCTION This assignment is basically based on gastronomy. In this assignment we need to discuss about gastronomy and its influences such as cultural, science sustainability and how they are influences buy gastronomy. How gastronomy is related with culture, transportation religion and many more things. MAIN BODY DEFINITION Gastronomy is the study of food and culture, with a particular focus on gourmet cuisine. Modern gastronomy has its roots in several French texts published in the 1800s, but the idea of relating food, science, society, and the arts has been around much longer. True gastronomy is a demanding multidisciplinary art examining food itself along with its context, presentation, freshness, and history. While commonly associated with gourmets and gluttony, gastronomy is actually its own discipline, although some gourmets are certainly gastronomes, as are some gluttons. The principle of gastronomy is that food is a science, in addition to an art form. By understanding how all of the senses contribute to an experience, a gastronome can more completely understand what is happening when a consumer claims to dislike or enjoy a particular food item. Gastronomy also examines the sociological implications of food, along with integrating other social science disciplines such as anthropology, psychology, and philosophy. The role of food in the fine arts such as performance art, painting, and sculpture is also examined, as part of a closer look at the role of food in society in general. http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-gastronomy.htm INFLUENCE ON NATIONAL FOOD CULTURE People mostly connect to their cultural or ethnic group through food patterns. For Immigrants food now become the means of retaining their cultural identity. Each and every individual have different cultural backgrounds and have different eating habits. The ingredients, methods of preparation, preservation techniques, and types of food eaten at different meals are different among cultures. The areas and the climate factors in which families live- and geographical location where their ancestors originated also influence food likes and dislikes. These food preferences result in varieties of food choices within a different cultural or regional group. Food items themselves have meaning and some cultural identity attached to them. For example in many Western countries a box of chocolates would be viewed as an appropriate gift while in other countries chocolates might be a less appropriate gift. Different nations or countries are frequently associated with certain foods. For example, many people associate Italy with pizza and pasta but Italians eat many other foods, and types of pasta dishes are popular throughout Italy. Methods of preparation and types of food also vary by regions and culture of a nation. Some families in the United States prefer to eat meat and potatoes, but in some families meat and potatoes are not eaten on a regular basis, nor even preferred, by many in the United States, so would not be labelled as a national cuisine. Grits, a coarsely ground corn that is boiled, is eaten in the southern United States. A package of grits is only available in the largest supermarkets in the upper Midwest and its difficult to find even in large Midwestern supermarkets a long time ago. This may be called as the geographical effect. Regional food habits also exist in nations and countries but they also change by time. As people travel from place to place food habits and preferences are imported and exported. Families move to other nations, countries or places bringing their food preferences with them. They follow their old recipes with new ingredients available at different places or experiment with new recipes, incorporating ingredients to match their own tastes. In addition, food itself is imported from other countries. Nevertheless, what is considered edible or even a delicacy in some parts of the world might be considered inedible in other parts. Although most of the times food is selected with some attention to physical need, the values or beliefs by which society attaches to potential food items and define what families within a cultural group will eat. For example, both plant and animal sources may contribute to meeting nutritional requirements for protein; soybeans, beef, horsemeat, and dog meat are all adequate protein sources. Yet, due to the some values and beliefs attached to these protein sources, they are not considered in all societies. Moreover, even when the foods perceived to be undesirable are available, they are not eaten by people who have a strong emotional reaction against those potential food item. CULTURE AND RELIGION Types and food associated to British culture: British cuisine encompasses the cooking traditions of the British Isles. It reflects the cultural influence of the colonial era as well as post-war immigrations. British cuisine boasts of a rich variety of sumptuous dishes from its different regions. Staple foods include chicken, beef, pork, lamb and fish, served with potatoes and other vegetables. The most popular dishes are fish and chips, sandwiches, trifles, pies and roast As the result of both globalization and global environmental change food systems face dramatic transformations. Change in global environment influence the physical and socioeconomic conditions that underpin terrestrial and marine food systems., Globalization is also responsible for transforming the production and storage of food, , access to and consumption of food, and the quality and safety measures associated with food and eating habits. Both processes also have direct effects on agricultural production, livelihoods, and the agricultural economies as well. More important, both processes can take place at the same time and interacting to create dynamic conditions that influence vulnerability to both rapid and gradual environmental changes. Global environmental change affects food systems by various means such as, the loss of productive farmland, loss of biodiversity, and changing climate conditions, including increase in number of extreme climatic events such as droughts and floods. Globalization-related changes also include liberalization of trade in agriculture products which also spreads the eating and buying habits from different culture, and supports for agricultural production, expansion of the role of multinational corporations and supermarkets in food production and distribution, it also results in shifts toward urban and industrial land uses. Food is also considered an important part of religious observance and spiritual ritual of many faiths including Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism. The role and importance of food in cultural practices and religious beliefs is complex and varies among different communities. Any introduction to such a diversified and complex topic will not be able to explain each and everything. Here are some examples of some ways in which various religious groups considered food a vital part of their faith. Understanding the role of food in cultural and religious practice is an important part of showing respect and responding to needs of people from a range of religious communities. This understanding towards different food culture also helps in increasing art of food, adding dishes from different menus and also helps in increasing revenues from tourist from different cultures and traditions. However, it is important to not to make any assumptions about persons culture and beliefs. T he various faiths of Christianity include Roman Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY In this competitive and new era chefs (the main body of kitchen) are sometimes blamed of turning their kitchens very similar into scientific laboratories, theres no doubt that when they heat a piece of meat in the kitchen the reaction that takes place is a chemical reaction as in science labs. Science and cooking both are processes that have some rules and methods to follow and also go hand-in-hand, now more than ever before. The relation between science and cuisine is nothing new; we have several examples of this relation in past years as well. Studies such as chemistry, physics, biology and botany have always been closely related to cooking and also prove their existence in various terms. The terms molecular gastronomy and molecular cuisine become the topics of debates from a long time and the existence of science-based cuisine is also a controversial issue. To know about these terms in detail or to make the practical existence of such terms we need to consider or follow the approach adopted by chefs trained for such types of kitchens and other experts who want to know why things happen and have knowledge for their chemical reactions and which reaction is useful which is not. These types of kitchens and terms such as molecular gastronomy or cuisine will be no longer the topic of debates if they run under the guidance of their experts. Technology has dramatically improved and reshaped every part of our lives including kitchen standards as well. It doesnt left any aspect of our existence untouched. It also revolutionized the way we work, entertain ourselves and even change the concept of our eating and cooking patterns. The food industry has increasingly developed and modernized by adopting more advanced and latest technologies that can help us in bringing healthier, fresher and more varieties of food. In this modern era, the marketplace offers a vast variety of foods influenced by different people and cultures and we have a wide range to choose from, at a better quality and lower prices than in the past. With the introduction of new technologies and processes businesses can offer better products and services to the consumers in increasingly larger quantities and thus, satisfy a wider range of market. The same phenomenon works for the companies in the food industry. The expression nouvelle cuisine has been used several times in the course of the history of cooking, particularly in France in the middle of the eighteenth century. It was introduced to subordinate the practice of cooking to principles of chemistry that were to be established by Lavoisier later on. People had mixed feelings about it: for instance, Voltaire wrote I must say that my stomach does not at all agree with the nouvelle cuisine.' Today nouvelle cuisine refers to a trend of opinion that appeared in France in the 1960s. At the time, it caught on rapidly and was a great international success. Yet, as it got tangled up in its contradiction, it stopped being fashionable, and nowadays it has a negative connotation. In spite of that, it was an innovative and quite important movement, which brought about a revolution within the Grande cuisine whose lessons are still present in the grand chefs minds. http://www.enotes.com/nouvelle-cuisine-reference/nouvelle-cuisine LIFESTYLE, MEDIA AND INDIVIDUALS Today is the age of media; media is now become the backbone of every society and has a vital role in every field including kitchens as well. The universe of food-related blogs in particular is vast. It is estimated that there are at least 33,000 such blogs out there in cyberspace, but no one can give an exact or even approximate number of such blogs; this is one of the new and the widely using trend of the media. Some of the examples of Social networking sites such as Twitter, Facebook, Stumble Upon and Blog Her provide valuable means for bloggers to connect with each other and share their content and views about different food ,ingredients ,recipes and methods , while food-specific communities such as Food Buzz (and countless others!) offer even more targeted networking. Add to these mix sites where users can post their reviews of restaurants, food shops and markets, such as Yelp, Chowhound and Trip Advisor and it becomes clear that the media space related to gastronomy is very wide and virtually endless. In addition means of television also plays a very vital role; there are many TV channels that telecast many cookery shows, travel guides and also provide information about different gastronomies. Media makes easy to travel with full information about the place to be visited. GEOGRAPHY AND TRANSPORTATION: As long as there has been food in existence, there has been gastronomy in some form or another. Questions regarding our eating habits have always been around: How can we add taste and make our food special? Which ingredients provide the best boost of energy? What types of foods have healing properties in them and how can we cultivate them to get more of it? Later on, cuisine became more specialized, and cooking books and apprenticeships are also developed to provide instruction on the preparation of different kinds of food. However, it wasnt until the 1800s that gastronomy started to develop as an actual field of study. Instead of simply learning how to make food, people began to focus on how dining could be an experience-how the senses interacted in order to create a whole meal to be enjoyed. Gastronomy is such a wide concept that no country can be away from its influence. There are many countries in which the influence of gastronomy and its related terms such as molecular gastronomy can be clearly seen. The main countries influenced by gastronomy are Spain, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, France, Belgium and many other European countries. The history and popularity of Indian food in Britain is now almost four hundred years old and it has not only affected the cuisine but also a great change in the United Kingdom but also in its native land. In this field of food the reports of occasional explorers play a great role but the story really starts with the arrival in Surat of the English merchants of the East India Company in 1608 and then again and more successfully in 1612. As with the explorers or merchants the influence of the British in India grew, so did the popularity of Indian food back in Britain, leading to the publishing of recipes and Indian ingredients and the creation of curry powder at commercial level in 1780? The introduction of curry on a menu was at the Coffee House in Norris Street, Haymarket, London in 1773 but the first establishment dedicated to Indian cuisine was the Hindostanee Coffee House at 34 George Street, Portman Square, London in 1809 as recorded in The Epicures Almanack. It was opened by Dean Mahomet (or Mohamed/Mahomed) (See article) from Patna, Bihar, India, via Cork in Ireland. He appreciated the all Indian things and also offered a house for the Nobility and Gentry where they might enjoy the Hookha with real Chilm tobacco and Indian dishes of the highest perfection with real Indian taste. He also considered the Indian chefs for the real Indian taste. http://www.menumagazine.co.uk/book/restauranthistory.html As per UK gastronomy the growth of fast food is increasing day by day like people like fish and chips, burgers, KFC and many other fast food brands rather than having the proper meal. In which the quantity of vegetarian people is very less. As per the data and research people prefer organic food rather than other normal food. They are more conscious about healthy eating. The objective of food garnishing is, usually, to portray or to show the inherent beauty of food. And, just as when you are preparing food for eating, garnishing is one of the easiest and the important way of enhancing a dish for the camera. A garnish should be chosen very carefully, so that garnish can add just the right splash of colour in the dish, textural detail and/or height which really lifts the final image of the food. Some foods, such as mousses and soups can sometimes be difficult to capture their effect because of their flat and monotone surfaces. Adding a right and appropriate garnish makes it more attractive and also captures the eye of the customers. Sustainable agriculture as a means of the local farming is the practice of farming using principles of ecology, the study of relationships between organisms and their local environment. It has been defined as an integrated process of plant and animal production practices having a site-specific application that will remain over the long term: in other words it is farming with natural resources. Conservation of natural resources is the main aim of this practice. This practice helps in satisfying human food and fibre needs of the people by natural way. Also helps in enhancing the environmental quality by understanding ecology system. It also proves beneficial in making the most efficient and appropriate use of non-renewable resources and integrate, natural biological cycles and controls. Enhance the quality of life for farmers and society as a whole by providing various agriculture related benefits and also helps in minimising the farming related expenses. CONCLUSION At the end of the assignment author would like to conclude gastronomy plays a vital role in the hospitality industry. Art and science of food is appreciated all over the world and is also considered as value added equipment for the hotel industry. Gastronomy is influence by many factors such as culture, beliefs science, media and many more. It is one of the emerging trends of each and every country. It is also used as a tool to attract tourist from different parts of the world. Gastronomy proves itself as a revenue generating tool for hospitality industry.

Essay --

Since the end of WW2, the policies of farm and agriculture have changed dramatically. Essentially the changes that has occurred allowed bigger farming corporations to gain in power over the local farm owner and added to the struggles of the local farmers. The corporations have consolidated the food system that idealizes/glorifies junk food to the public, and the money it has garnered allows them significant lobbying power to alter the market as they seem fit. Many policies on farm and agriculture has impacted the way food is grown in America. For example hedge funds, described in page 11 of Foodopoly have essentially driven the prices of land in America and worldwide. This has resulted in farmers having to either cut down costs and make due with lesser land, or be forced out of business. Along with pollution to environment, this policy along with many others results in the situation described in page 12, with lesser farmers working to supply the nation (from 6.8 million to under 1 million). Most often, farmers sell their products are low prices to pay off land that is priced higher...

Outline and evaluate explanations of conformity Essay

Normative social influence occurs when a person desires to be liked and accepted by a group. They will publicly conform and change their behaviour but they will still privately reject their views. This change in behaviour is often temporary as this type of social influence leads to compliance. Informational social influence is where someone conforms to the views and behaviours of the group because they both publicly and privately agree with them. This type of conformity is called internalisation and stems from the desire to be correct. It occurs when a person is in a new or ambiguous situation and doesn’t know what to do. Therefore, they look to the group for guidance as they assume they have better knowledge. Because of this, the change is often permanent as they believe their behaviours and actions are correct. AO2: One strength of this theory is that it has research to support it from Asch’s 1951 study into conformity. The interviews that were taken after the experiment had finished, stated that there were two main reasons that the participants conformed. The first reason was that they didn’t want to be ridiculed by the rest of the group from differing in opinions. They wanted to fit in so went along with the majority group, typical of normative social influence. The second reason was that they honestly thought that the rest of the group knew better than them and that their own judgements were incorrect, typical of informational social influence. Although some psychologists will argue that the two processes work in sync instead of two separate influences. For example, upon seeing a queue in a shop a person may join the end of it because that is what everyone else is doing but they may also be guessing at the same time that the people in the queue know that this is the queue that is needed to pay for their items.

Reuse of Plastic Waste in Road Construction Essays

Reuse of Plastic Waste in Road Construction Essays Reuse of Plastic Waste in Road Construction Essay Reuse of Plastic Waste in Road Construction Essay What is plastic A material that contains one or more organic polymers of large molecular weight, solid in its finished state and at some state while manufacturing or processing into finished articles, can be shaped by its flow. Types of plastics 1. Thermosets. 2. Elastomers. 3. Thermoplastics. NATURAL RESINS solids or semi solid materials light yellow to darkbrown in colour carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. globules on the bark . SYNTHETIC RESINS derived primarily from petroleum. polystyrene, polyesters and acrylics sed in the manufacture of varnishes, plastics, adhesives and rubber. Various Resins Of Plastic Polyethylene terephthalate (PET,PETE) Density polyethylene(HDPE) Vinyl(Poly vinyl chloride or PVC) Low Density Polyethylene(LDPE) Polypropylene(PP) BASIC PROCESSES Segregation . Cleaning process . Shredding process . Collection process . 2. Wet Process Waste plastics by direct mixing with hot bitumen at 160A‚AÂ °C Mechanical stirrer is needed Addition o f stabilizers and proper cooling. Since the wet process require a lot of investment and bigger plants Not commonly used.. ADVANTAGES OF PLASTIC ROAD Use higher percentage of plastic waste. Reduce the need of bitumen by around 10%. Increase the strength and performance of the road. Reduce the cost to around Rs. 5000/Km. of single lane road. Generate jobs for rag pickers. Develop a technology, which is eco-friendly. DISADVANTAGES OF PLASTIC ROADS 1. Cleaning process Toxics present in the co-mingled plastic waste would d start leaching. . During the road laying process But the presence of chlorine will definitely release noxious HCL gas. 3. After the road laying The components of the road, once it has been laid, are not inert. It is opined that the first rain will trigger leaching. As the plastics will merely form a sticky layer, (mechanical abrasion). once the road is started to be used will cause the release of fine polymer particles. When air-borne, these will cause a particulate problem. CONCLUSION Plastic will increase the melting point of the bitumen use of the innovative technology not only strengthened the road construction but also increased the road life Help to improve the environment . plastic road would be a boon for Indiaa„? s hot and extremely humid climate where durable and eco-friendly roads which will relive the earth from all type of plastic waste Reference: seminarprojects. com/Thread-reuse-of-plastic-waste-in-road-construction-full-report#ixzz1gliWsmVK vvvvvv

Argumentation of Mark Twain in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Argumentation of Mark Twain in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Free Online Research Papers To this day, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is known as one of Mark Twain’s greatest masterpiece. This book is all about one little boy and all of the crazy adventures that he has with his friends. The readers are forced to look inward and see that, even though Huck does not realize what he is doing, he causes society to see what truly matters in life. Mark Twain, through the use of satire and irony, forces the reader to decide for themselves what is right and what is wrong, no matter what society tells them. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is set in a time where owning a slave is not only acceptable, but encouraged. Even his own adopted family has a slave named Jim. He sees nothing wrong with owning a slave, until Jim runs away and Huck is forced to decide whether or not to follow the law and turn Jim in to the police or follow his heart and keep Jim safe. Huck decides to take Jim and says that, people would call him â€Å"a lowdown abolitionist and despise [him] for keeping mum† (Twain 74), but he doesn’t care. The author, Mark Twain, satirizes the situation that Huck and Jim are in by shoving the fact that Huck can’t tell anybody about Jim because Huck is supposed to be dead, to the back of the reader’s mind. He is making fun of the fact that harboring a slave is worst than faking a death so that the reader will realize that slavery was a big deal back then. This places the reader into the mind of Huck, and makes them think about what was more important back then. At the end of the novel, Jim is discovered when he tries to save Huck and is put in a makeshift jail until his owner can come to claim him. Tom Sawyer comes up with an elaborate plan to break him out; complete with digging a moat, writing in a journal with his â€Å"own blood† (Twain 415), and digging a tunnel out of there. In the end, the reader finds out that Jim was free just a couple days after he ran away. It is ironic that Jim is free but continues to act like a slave. Their journey to the north, and the whole book, is about freeing Jim so that des not have to worry about being caught and sent back to slavery. When he finally gets there, he finds that he has been free this whole time, so the whole journey was pointless. The point of this irony is to make the reader think about what they would do if they were put into this same situation. Mark Twain’s argument in this chapter of the novel is that it is necessary to look at one man’s struggle for freed om to fully understand that this struggle is futile; that all men should have their freedom from the beginning. Mark Twain had a vision. He wanted to change the way that people viewed slavery, and wanted to make his readers realize that Jim is a person; not just property. At the time this book was written, any body could own a slave, and they did. They used slaves for everything from cleaning the house, to watching and/or raising their children, to harvesting their crop so that they could earn a profit and not have to do any work. Mark Twain wrote that novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn to make his readers sit down and actually think about why slavery was wrong. It made an innocent man and a little boy run for their lives. His use of satire and irony inspire this kind of reflection throughout the whole novel. Research Papers on Argumentation of Mark Twain in The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoMind TravelThe Hockey GameCapital Punishment19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayHip-Hop is ArtPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Spring and AutumnEffects of Television Violence on Children

Does Zero Tolerance Policing 'work' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Does Zero Tolerance Policing 'work' - Essay Example The administrators objected to having to enforce the principle of zero tolerance on the grounds that they would have to go in with a police escort, even on the basis of a sliver of a rumour about a picture you don't like. Defenders of the policy reply that it indicates a greater willingness to take such complaints seriously. This type of policy of reversing the burden of proof is a species of argumentum ad ignorantiam of the following form: if you can't prove that you are not guilty, then it is presumed that you are guilty. Normally, the burden is on the accuser to provide evidence or corroboration of the charge. Admittedly, where an event took place privately between two people, with no physical evidence of harm, it is generally hard to prove such objective corroboration. The solution advocated by the zero tolerance principle is to shift the burden of disproof of the charge onto the side of the accused party. If he can't furnish such evidence, the conclusion we should draw by the ad ignorantiam argument is that he is guilty. Is this a reasonable or fallacious use of the argument from ignorance This is a hotly disputed question at the moment. Defenders of zero tolerance argue that the application of the argument from ignorance, as a reasonable argument in this instance, is justified by argument from consequences: namely, those women are at present suffering from abuse to such a degree that anyone who opposes zero tolerance is causing the deaths of women. Opponents of the principle also base their opposition on the argument from consequences. They argue that the policy of zero tolerance is producing many innocent victims of false charges of abuse, and having a disastrous effect on families. Opponents of the policy also argue that the advocates of zero tolerance are focusing only on the consequences as they affect one group, and ignoring the impact on anyone who is not a member of this group. They see this as a form of self-interested bargaining or advocacy dialogue taking the place of a more rational and objective type of deliberation or critical discussion that takes all points of view into account. At any rate, on this controversial issue, the central question directly relates to the argumentum ad ignorantiam as a type of argument. Is it reasonable or fallacious in this case And what are the grounds for justifying one opinion or the other Significantly, zero tolerance policing, with its more assertive and control oriented message, seems to have struck a chord in recent years. An increasing number of public-initiated police contacts are crime-related, especially in inner-city areas and in a time of stretched resources many have argued that police duties should be more closely restricted to crime-work. This was the dominant message behind the setting up inquiry into core policing tasks, which, despite denials, was envisaged as clearing the way towards the privatization of alleged 'peripheral' police-work. While the conclusions of the

ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE - Coursework Example Activity based costing is loved for its ability to enable the cost control team to enhance accuracy. Accuracy here is in terms of closeness to the actual cost and actual profitability of each product and service. ABC helps managers to have a better comprehension of the company’s actual costs as well as its returns on investments. The returns on investments are usually computed by considering the number of projects and activities that the business engages in. Accounting for costs (2010) show that ABC improves the accuracy levels through transforming some of the costs that traditional costing techniques deem not to be direct into direct costs. The process is done as follows; Firms that have applied ABC successfully did so by employing a number of strategic costing and management factors. The management of such firms does ensure they support and participate in every pricing decision. They have to know when to add or delete items from the product portfolio. Finally, they must know when to consider outsourcing or producing the product in-house (Plowman 2011, p.43). While performing all these, the management is always cautious about improving all the process initiatives. Activity Based Costing (ABC) is an organized style of passing on indirect costs to goods and services. It entails obtaining the cost of each activity drawn in the process of production and assigning costs to each product according to the use of each activity. Alternatively, activity-based costing (ABC) is a more refined way of costing goods and services. Activity based management is the application of ABC as a technique of managing costs at the activity level. It is an area that involves ensuring effective and efficient control f activities as to promote the product value and customer satisfaction. Activity Based Management makes use of the information obtained

Getting to Know Portugal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Getting to Know Portugal - Essay Example The other important issue that changes in different countries is the taxation. Different countries tax different amounts for different goods. A person willing to venture into international spheres needs to realize this and thus find out the tax for the country he is going to. Additionally, it is important to note that there are some international rules that govern all countries in the world. A good example is dumping. Dumping is disallowed by international law. Therefore, this law applies to all countries. This paper will go into the details regarding international business particularly in Portugal and how one would conduct international business in the country. Legal System For decades, Portugal has been known to be a bit relaxed as regards their legal system. However, business people coming to Portugal must adhere to the Commercial Code, Competition legislation, Securities Code as well as the /Commercial Companies Code. Therefore, carrying out business in that country may seem to b e easy relative to its more stringent European counterparts. It is important to identify the sources of law in Portugal. The country has both a parliamentary system and constitutional republic (Ibpus.com, 2008). Other than the constitution, the law that regulates trade in Portugal is also found in the ordinary laws that govern the land as enacted by the National Assembly. The country also follows the laws of the land as stipulated by the European Union, of which it is part. The EU became one trade area without internal tariffs. Additionally, it applies common standards to the entire range of commercial life. The unit of currency used in the country is the Euro. It is important that one familiarizes oneself with the law as per the European Union because Portugal too is part of that law. Culture The Portuguese take their culture rather seriously. They speak their language and are very adherent to their particular customs and norms. The Portuguese are a rather laid back people who even when conducting business do it in a very relaxed manner. The country has a very rich history that is the pride of its people. The Portuguese culture is one that embraces its people indiscriminately. When one is in Portugal, one feels a special sense of belonging and thus one has to conform to their ways. However, it leaves room for personal development and preference. It is imperative that the Portuguese build lasting bonds with each other and take their personal time to develop those relationships. The citizens of Portugal may be assumed to have a certain degree of xenophobia. This is in the sense that they only conduct business with those that they know. It is rare for the Portuguese to associate with a stranger even if it is only for professional reasons. For one to successfully conduct business with the Portuguese one must foist take their time to get to know these people and their ways. It is important to note that in Portugal unlike many other countries, business relationship s subsist between people as opposed to companies (Paulo and Bento, 2009). Communication The official languages in the country are Mirandese and Portuguese, although Portuguese dominates (Sitkin, & Bowen, 2013). Most business people in the country speak some bit of English although not fluently. Therefore, language barrier remains a big problem for the conduct of business in Portugal. As a business person with the intention of setting up

Woman vs Society Essay Example for Free

Woman vs Society Essay The idea of the individual is ingrained in modern society, where oppression, at any angle, seems foreign and is looked down upon. In contrast, the female characters in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, Toni Morrison’s Sula, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, are portrayed fighting against the â€Å"man’s world†, an atmosphere present in our country not too long ago. Edna, Jane, and Sula all reject the parameters put upon them by society and attempt to remain separate from it ,yet vary in degree of success due to their preparedness. The needs of individuals take precedence over society’s expectations when they are oppressed; but,if not prepared for the consequences of being outcasted by society, they will inevitably fail. Edna is the least successful among the three women, simply because she was not prepared for her choice of lifestyle. Enda was raised in Kentucky as a Presbyterian, and moved down to the Grand Isle later on. â€Å"Though she had married a Creole,[she] was not thoroughly at home with the Creoles†(Chopin, 12) As such, she is innately opposed to their alien lifestyle. Edna is not confined, but she longs to be separate, distinguished from them: an individual. She recognizes the importance of her identity in saying, â€Å" I would give up the unessential I would give my life for my children; but I wouldn’t give myself† (Chopin, 64). Though her aims were clear, Edna remains chained to society, just by having a husband and children. Edna still attempts to have an affair with Robert, effectively breaking the trust and expectations of everyone around her, yet she cannot fulfill her goal, as even Robert pushes her away for that very reason. It is impossible for her to be independent because of her upbringing. Edna longs to emulate Mademoiselle Reisz, who has reached the pinnacle of independance and freely expresses herself through the piano. The factor which differentiates Reisz from Edna is that she has left society behind, along with the option of family, whereas Edna is held back by that very thing. She sees her own children as â€Å" antagonists who had overpowered and sought to drag her into the soul’s slavery for the rest of her days. But she knew of a way to elude them. †(Chopin, 151). This took the form of Edna’s suicide, resulting in not her escape from oppression, but rather signifying her defeat, acknowledging her inability to overcome society’s grasp on her. Edna was prevented from actively rebelling against society, because her pre-existing commitments prevented her from doing so. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, Jane Doe, though confined by her husband, is able to fight for herself to assume some degree of independence. As treatment for her depression, she is put to bedrest by her physician-husband, and comes to terms with the limitation set around her. This limitation is the assumed position of authority that a man is expected to have over a woman, especially his spouse. She says, â€Å"I sometimes fancy that in my condition if I had less opposition and more society and stimulus—but John says the very worst thing I can do is think about my condition, and I confess it always makes me feel bad. So I will let it alone and talk about the house. † (Gilman, 1) Jane has already internalized her husband’s authority into her own mind, even interrupting her train of thought to his instruction. She seems to walk in line with what he is telling her to do at the end, but her own rebellious nature seeps out, marking a descent into madness. These repressed feelings are projected onto her obsession with the wallpaper, where a portrait of Jane’s mind is shown. It is ultimately John’s disregarding of his wife, the hierarchy of the household, that is responsible for Jane’s mental breakdown. He vetoes her smallest wishes, such as when he refuses to switch bedrooms so as not to overindulge her â€Å"fancies. † The barrier of understanding leaves Jane no outlet for her to freely express herself. Thus, she writes. But she does this in secret, saying, â€Å"There comes John, I must put this away- he hates to have me write a word. † (Gilman, 2) Jane is actively disobeying her â€Å"authority†, but in hiding it from him she is still limited by John’s expectations of her, which is her weakness. Without him, she would be free as an individual, but John is her pre-existing conditions that holds her back. Jane likens the rest of the women in the world to her own struggle with John. â€Å"There are so many of those creeping women, and they creep so fast. I wonder if they all come out of that wall-paper as I did? (Gilman, 5) Jane clearly resisted in her situation, and she is specific about the women who she thinks have had to break out of the same resistant cage that she had to. They seem so independent, so much freer than her, and after finally escaping that cage, she feels she can relate her situation to theirs. However, Jane’s struggle has driven her ne arly to insanity, and is now unable to be the individual that she strove to be in the beginning. In recognizing the barrier to her individuality, Jane is able to actively rebel against the constructs set by society against women, but at the same time she submits because of her commitment to John. Putting herself in that position causes her to lose herself as a whole, making all of her struggle in vain. Sula differs from both Edna and Jane in that she defies her place in society at a young age and becomes a model individual. When she was a child, Sula lived in a chaotic household, preferring the quiet one of Nel. Sula is not often characterized as the calm individual, but she is described as being able to â€Å"sit on [Helenes] red-velvet sofa for ten to twenty minutes at a time – still as dawn (Morrison, 29). It is very easy to forget this Sula as the narrative progresses, but this passage shows Sula’s search for identity. She is shaping her self into who she wants to be, marking a contradiction of craving the order that she does not have in her home. This state does not last indefinitely; there is a corner point where she changes into her defiant self. As she recalls from her deathbed, â€Å"The one time she tried to protect Nel, she had cut off her own fingertip and earned not Nels gratitude but her disgust. From then on she had let her emotions dictate her behavior. † (Morrison, 140). To her, this was logical and rational, but receives the complete opposite reaction from what she had hoped for. This is a defining point in her life, which is responsible for the disruption she causes in all of the people who interact with her. Sula returns to the Bottom as an adult, characterized not so much as a person, than as a force of nature. She has accepted the consequence of alienation and rejection The repressive nature of society still confronts her. Eva berates Sula for not marrying or having children, but in response, she states, I dont want to make somebody else. I want to make myself†(Morrison, 92). As a women, she is expected of these things, but it is clear that Sula desires to control her identity. She recognizes that any person or thing that compromises her self-determination will limit her from being an individual, by being bound to society’s standards. Yet even Sula falls prey to to this trap, in her relationship with Ajax. â€Å"There was the morning when she actually wondered if Ajax would come by that day. † (Morrison, 131) Through their encounters, Sula was always cautious to keep him under her control, but that morning reveals an emotional attachment to him, however small. This minor detail turns out to be the beginning of her slow death as an individual- this is to be expected-after a life of such detachment from repressive society, the smallest disturbance would amplify itself to ruin her. Only those who are completely isolated from society are able to withstand its parasitic effect on the individual, but Sula, though prepared for the isolation, is caught off guard, and suffers for it. Women in the times of these books are set under strict guidelines by society, and they all recognize it, and attempt to free themselves by seeking their individual self. Edna, Jane, And Sula vary in degree of success, a product of their upbringing, and their ability or inability to accept the consequences of being an individual. Through these oppressed female characters, we see the various outcome of the sacrifice required for independance, but their ties to society bring them down. Is it ever possible to be a distinct individual in any society? Even Sula, who goes to such extremes, fails. How much more do modern people need to strive for this characteristic? Today’s western thinking has encouraged the idea, but perhaps â€Å"their individual† is not truly as free as it claims to be.

Leadership in The Once and Future King :: Once and Future King Essays

The Once and Future King  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Leadership In The Once and Future King T.H. White conveys his personal thoughts on leadership through the help of Merlin, and Wart's transformations. Through each transformation Wart experiences different forms of power, each being a part of a whole idea on how a leader should act.   He must piece together these ideas for the definitive way he should rule as king.   In order to teach Wart,   Merlin transforms him into several different forms, a fish, hawk, ant, goose and a badger.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "‘I wish I was a fish,' said the Wart." (p.45) At that, Wart's first transformation plunged him and Merlin into the castle's moat. They proceeded to meet the largest fish in the moat, who is the ruler. This fish took what he wanted because of his size. In a speech about power, he told Wart "Might is right," and might of the body is greater than might of the mind. Because of the way the fish-king ruled, his subjects obeyed him out of fear for their lives. Wart experienced this firsthand when the fish-king told   him to leave. He had grown bored of Wart, and if Wart didn't leave he would've eaten him. The king used   his size as his claim to power, therefore his subjects followed   him out of fear.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Wart's next transformation into a hawk   he soared into the castle's mews. All the birds in the mews had a military rank. Their leader was an old falcon, who was kept for show. The birds who ranked below the falcon, held her in highest regard because of her age. She applied her power over the other birds with no concern for their lives. In one instance, Wart is ordered to stand next to the cage of a crazy hawk who almost killed him. On the other hand, her age brought   respect.   The falcon was much older than the others because she had   not been released once she outlived her usefulness as a huntress.   Her age and attitude allowed her to maintain a powerful grip over all the birds she ruled through fear and respect.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Next, Wart was transformed into an ant and posted within an ant colony. There was a single leader of the ants, and she was the only thinking individually in the whole nest.

Mistakes Made by Society and The Work of Louis Pasteur and Rachel Carso

Held as one of the most highly regarded facts of the scientific community, theories often change with the presentation of new evidence. However, the motivation behind obtaining this new evidence is often overlooked, wrought with political and personal motives guiding the work of scientists, as these scientists are able to make an impact on the rest of the world. Though separated by a century, Louis Pasteur and Rachel Carson offered evidence to solve some of the biggest questions of their time period, with Louis Pasteur effectively concluding the spontaneous generation debate and Rachel Carson promoting awareness of our careless use of DDT and the impact this had on future generations. By the mid 1800’s, Louis Pasteur was caught up in the spontaneous generation debate after reviewing the contradictory experiments performed by Francesco Redi, John Needham, and Lazarro Spallanzani. Two centuries prior to Pasteur, Redi had argued that spontaneous generation could not occur, supported with experimental evidence. However, only one century prior to Pasteur, John Needham had shown that growth would occur in a flask of sterilized broth, which directly refuted Redi’s claim that spontaneous generation did not occur. Seeing a flaw in Needham’s experiment, Spallanzani repeated the experiment, this time sterilizing the broth and the air present in the flask. Without this source of contamination, the flask remained sterilized, while a similar flask of broth which he left open to the environment began to show signs of growth. In refute of Spallanzani, those who believed in spontaneous generation said that the air carried a necessary â€Å"life forceâ €  which life may directly come from. One hundred years later, Louis Pasteur joins the debate... ...n with their work, the needs of society demanded their work be done, whether explicitly stated or not. Society had failed to recognize a potential threat in their time period and the work of these people changed the way people conducted their lives. Without people like Pasteur and Carson to correct the overlooked mistakes made by society, society may crumble under the weight of its own ignorance. Works Cited 1-9 Spontaneous generation was an attractive theory to many people, but was ultimately disproven.. (2003, January 1). . Retrieved May 8, 2014, from http://www.microbiologytext.com/index.php?module=Book&func=displayarticle&art_id=27 Regis, E. (2008). What is life?: investigating the nature of life in the age of synthetic biology. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Carson, R., & Darling, L. (1962). Silent spring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin ;.

Peopod

CASE: III Peapod Online Grocery—2003 The online grocery turned out to be a lot tougher than analysts thought a few years ago. Many of the early online grocers, including Webvan, ShopLink, StreamLine, Kosmom, Homeruns, and PDQuick, went bankrupt and out of business. At one time, Webvan had 46 percent of the online grocery business, but it still wasn’t profitable enough to survive. The new business model for online grocers is to be part of an existing brick-and-mortar chain. Large grocery chains, like Safeway and Albertson’s, are experiencing sales growth in their online business but have yet to turn a profit.Jupiter Research estimates that online grocery sales will be over $5 billion by 2007, about 1 percent of all grocery sales, while it expects more than 5 percent of all retail sales to be online by then. A few years ago, optimistic analysts estimated online grocery sales would be 10 to 20 times that by 2005, but it didn’t work out that way. One of the fe w online grocers to survive in 2003 is Peapod, the first online grocer, started by brothers Andrew and Thomas Parkinson in 1990.However, even Peapod was failing until 2001 when Dutch grocery giant Royal Ahold purchased controlling interest in the company for $73 million. Peapod operates in five markets, mainly by closely affiliating itself with Ahold-owned grocery chains. Peapod by Giant is in the Washington, DC, area, while Peapod by Stop and Shop runs in Boston, New York, and Connecticut. The exception is Chicago, where Peapod operates without an affiliation with a local grocery chain. Peapod executives claim the company is growing by 25 percent annually and has 130,000 customers, and all of its markets except Connecticut are profitable.Average order size is up to $143 from $106 three years earlier. The online grocery business seemed like a sure winner in the 1990s. Dual-income families strapped for time could simply go online to do their grocery shopping. They has about the same choices of products that they would have had if they went to a brick-and-mortar grocery, about 20,000 SKUs (stockkeeping units). They could browse the â€Å"aisles† on their home computers and place orders via computer, fax or telephone. The orders were filled at ffiliated stores and delivered to their homes in a 90-minute window, saving them time and effort and simplifying their daily lives. For all this convenience, consumers were willing to pay a monthly fee and a fee per order for packaging, shipping, and delivery. Since most of the products purchased were well-known branded items, consumer faced little risk in buying their traditional foodstuffs. Even perishables like produce and meat could be counted on to be high quality, and if consumers were concerned, they could make a quick trip to a brick-and-mortar grocery for these selections.However, while all of this sounded good, most consumers didn’t change their grocery shopping habits to take advantage of the online alternative. Currently analysts do not expect the online grocery industry to take off in the near future, if ever. Miles Cook of Bain & Company estimates that only 8 to 10 percent of U. S. consumers will find ordering groceries online appealing, but only about 1 percent will ever do so. He concludes: â€Å"This is going to remain a niche offering in a few markets. It’s not going to be a national mainstream offering. Jupiter Media Metrix analyst Ken Cassar concludes that â€Å"The moral of the story is that the ability to build a better mousetrap must be measured against consumers’ willingness to buy it. † Question: 1. What behaviors are involved in online grocery shopping? How does online shopping compare with traditional shopping in terms of behavioral effort? 2. What types of consumers are likely to value online grocery shopping from Peapod? 3. Overall, what do you think about the idea of online grocery shopping? How does it compare with simply eating in res taurants and avoiding grocery shopping and cooking altogether?

Indian Removal and the Focus on the Cherokee

Indian Removal and the Focus on the Cherokee Free Online Research Papers When one thinks about the topic of Indian Removal during the 1830s in American history, there tends to be a focus on the Cherokee tribe as the only Indians to be affected. This of course is not the case. There were five main, â€Å"civilized† tribes that were impacted by American policy and were left with no other choice then to move west. Those other tribes are the Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, and the Seminole. With that knowledge in mind the question remains as to why the Cherokee stick out in the minds of those discussing the issue. The reason for this is that the Cherokee have been made to represent the poster child for the entire Indian removal period in American history. This will be shown through an analysis of the Cherokee’s relationship with the Americans and through an analysis of what the other tribes did during the same time period. First, the amount of land the Cherokees lost even before they were forced to move was enormous. Before the American Revolution the Cherokee inhabited 124,000 square miles of land. After the war they had suffered a loss of 60% of their land. By 1819 they only inhabited 17,000 square miles. The Cherokee were willing to work with the Americans. The Cherokee more than the other tribes in North America, tried to adopt the Anglo-American culture. Very quickly the Cherokees had completely altered their society and modified their traditional culture to adjust to United States policy. They were hoping to preserve their tribal integrity. The Cherokee believed that if they could do the things the white man requested, they would in turn gain the white man’s respect. The Americans initially wanted to â€Å"civilize† the Indians. This assimilation into the white’s culture involved the Indians giving up things like, hunting, their language, religion, tribal organizations, and their customs. The Whites believed that if the Indians did the things they asked it would benefit the Indians and the new nation. From this perspective it seemed generous. All of it was really just an attempt to take land their land. One idea that the Americans had was that if the Indians did not hunt, their hunting lands would become something that the Indians would willingly exchange for funds to support their assimilation process. The assimilation process had the opposite effect of what the Americans had hoped for. The Cherokee wanted respect as tribe for honoring all the requests that the whites had given them. â€Å"They established schools, written laws, and abolished clan revenge.† There were even the few Cherokee who built plantation houses and ow ned slaves. This road the Cherokee had taken to assimilate did not go without some hinders to the progress. In 1803, when the Louisiana Purchase occurred, the Americans had an option. They did not have to civilize the Indians if they didn’t want to, they could remove the Indians from their lands. Because many Indians didn’t want to give up their ways, and it was taking too long for most Indians to assimilate, whites started to believe that the only option besides destroying them, was removing them to the west. In 1817 the first treaty with the Cherokee was negotiated that included provisions for removal. The plan was that Cherokees that wanted could exchange lands in the southeast for territory west of the Mississippi river. The American government promised assistance in resettling for those that chose to move. About 1500 to 2000 did move. The treaty also included a provision for an experiment in citizenship. The plan there was that an Indian could apply for a 640-acre reserve and citizenship. The Cherokee leaders were in opposition to this treaty as were most Cherokees. The experiment in citizenship might have worked to benefit assimilation had it not been for white greed and the growing strength of the states rights movement. In 1819 the Cherokee council voted to deny citizenship to any Cherokee who emigrated to the west or accepted a reserve. They were stuck in the middle because they wanted to remain as their own people and yet not are forced to move from their land. In 1819 another treaty was negotiated with a provision that stated that the Cherokee could, â€Å"maintain communal ownership of more than 10 million acres of their ancestral lands in the East.† This meant that the Cherokee ceded 4 million acres of land to the Americans. The Cherokees hoped and believed that this final cession would end any removal efforts. The Cherokee accelerated their acculturation efforts. They increased written laws and established a bicameral legislature. In 1827 they established a supreme court and a constitution. They were trying to prove that a Cherokee could do all the things a white man could do. It is clear that the Cherokee rose to the standards that were set out for them by the whites. The problem was that most whites ascribed to the idea of white superiority. They believed that no matter how civilized an Indian might seem; he would always maintain his savage nature. The states saw the Cherokee constitution as a challenge to states rights, especially Georgians. The Cherokee constitution claimed sovereignty over tribal lands, which effectively established a state within a state. Georgians argued that this violated the United States Constitution and that the federal government was not doing anything to fix the situation. When Jackson gave his inaugural address he recognized state control over local Indians, repudiated Cherokee claims to sovereignty, and called for Congress to provide for Indian removal. Gerogia, believing the federal government would back them, passed laws abolishing Cherokee government. The Cherokee took their case to the United States Supreme Court. In Worcester v. Gerogia Chief Justice John Marshall declared that Georgia had exceeded its authority by extending state law into Cherokee territory. Georgia chose to ignore the decision instead of challenge it. This along with other factors shaking the country at the time led the fed eral government to make the decision to remove the Cherokee west in order to preserve the union. A minority group led by John Ridge believed that removal was eventually going to happen and they sought to get it on the best possible terms. The majority of Cherokee led by Chief John Ross opposed removal. The United States ignored the majority and negotiated the Treaty of New Echota in 1835 with the minority group. In spite of a petition of over 15,000 Cherokees protesting the treaty, the Senate ratified the treaty in 1836. The Cherokee were given two years to move. In the two years time only 2,000 had moved. The government decided to send 7,000 militiamen and volunteers to force the Cherokee to move at gunpoint. Thus began the Cherokee â€Å"Trail of Tears.† The Cherokee worked extremely hard to gain the respect of the whites, but in the end were forced to move anyway. To better understand why the Cherokee are the poster people for Indian removal, I will examine the other â€Å"civilized† tribes, starting with the Choctaw. For the most part, the Choctaw were neutral in the American Revolution. Some served as scouts for Washington, but that was about it. The Choctaw did have reason to side with the British against the American settlers who had take some of their land, but they also were upset with the British for driving out the French, who had been friends with the Choctaw. The American settlers had reason to befriend the Choctaw. They were seen as a buffer between the United States and the Spanish and French. Once the Spanish and French were gone, the Choctaw no longer served this purpose to the Americans and the whites eyed their land greedily. Under President Monroe, John C. Calhoun was secretary of war. During his time in office, he completely reorganized the war department, including how Indians were to be dealt with. He was moderate in his views. He wanted to remove the Indians, but he did not want to use force. He chose to attempt to remove the Choctaws first because he felt that if the relat ively peaceful removal of a large tribe was successful, it would make the other tribes consider removal on their own. The Americans felt Calhoun’s policies were taking to long to get rid of the Choctaw. They wanted their land immediately. When Jackson became president the handling of the Choctaw changed drastically. Before Jackson became President the Choctaw had signed many treaties with the United States government. The first, known as the Treaty of Hopewell, signed January 3rd, 1786 ceded 69,120 acres of Choctaw land to the United States in exchange for protection. The Treaty of Fort Adams signed in 1801, gave the Choctaw relief from a famine but cost them over two million acres of land. Then in 1802 the Treaty of Fort Confederation saw the Choctaw loss of another fifty thousand acres. Trading posts in Choctaw areas encouraged them to run up massive debts on credit. In order to pay back the debt the Choctaw signed the Treaty of Hoe Buckintoopa in 1803 and the Treaty of Mount Dexter in 1805. Jackson was willing to use force to remove the Indians. State and federal threats on the Choctaw forced them to sign the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek in 1830. The Choctaw were removed in three groups stating in 1831. The United States government wanted to be as generous as possible to the first to le ave in order to encourage the rest to follow suit. When the first group reached Little Rock Arkansas a reporter interviewed a Choctaw chief. He was quoted as saying the removal had been. â€Å"a trail of tears and death.† This quote was picked up by the eastern press and later associated with the Cherokee removal. Some Choctaw remained but those who did found life quite difficult. From the information here it is easy to see that the Choctaw complied with removal years before the other tribes. Next I will examine the Chickasaw tribe. The Chickasaws did not sign a formal treaty of removal until 1837, however, they were very aware that removal was inevitable. In November of 1830 Chickasaw leaders traveled west of Arkansas to survey the land for a possible relocation site. The Ratification of the Treaty of Franklin depended upon this trip. A few months after the trip one tribal leader, Levi Colbert, wrote a letter to President Andrew Jackson in which he described the land as unsuitable for the Chickasaw. The Treaty of Franklin was void, but excitement began over the possibility of Indians passing through central Arkansas during emigration. A few months after the 1830 Chickasaw leaders passed through Little Rock the Arkansas Gazette reported on the probable route of the tribes through central Arkansas to their new homes. The strategic positions of the North Little Rock and Little Rock sites were evident. In 1833 another group of Chickasaw leaders went through the area to find suitable land under the Treaty of Ponto toc. There were parties who traveled west in 1835 and 1836 as well, but it took until January 1837 for a treaty to be agreed upon by both sides. The party of 1836 established an agreement with the Choctaw at Doaksville, Indian Territory, whereby the Chickasaws could purchase a part of the western portion of the Choctaw domain as a permanent home. At the time, the Chickasaws numbered about 4,914 and 1,156 slaves. Once this treaty was signed, arrangements were made for Chickasaw removal to begin in the summer 1837. During the years of 1837 and 1838 parties of Chickasaw emigrated west. By the end of 1838 nearly all of the Chickasaw had moved off their land. The Chickasaw did not move as early as the Choctaw, but this is because they took time to find land suitable enough to settle on. They did, however, cooperate with the idea of Indian removal, just as the Choctaw had. Next I will look at the Creek tribe. The Creeks for the most part remained neutral in the American Revolution. There were some small factions that fought on either side, but nothing to take note about. In 1783 two chiefs, Tallassee and Cusseta ceded Creek land to the United States. After this the relationship between Georgia and the Creeks was growing worse. In 1786 the Creeks declared war. Two attempts at treaty were made, but there was no peace between the two sides until after the War of 1812. After a war with the Red Sticks, where General Jackson fought alongside Creeks and Cherokees, Jackson forced the Creeks to cede a third of its entire land to the United States. Chief McIntosh had gained the support of a strong majority of the Creeks. He was however the first cousin of George Troup the governor of Georgia elected in 1823. In 1825 the two men signed the Treaty of Indian Springs. This gave Georgia all Lower Creek land. McIntosh had been played by the government and technically had no mandate to sign the treaty fr om his people. Still the treaty was ratified. In 1826 President John Quincy Adams negotiated the Treaty of Washington with the Creeks. This treaty was no better that Indian Springs, but Troup was against it. He began to remove the Creeks by force. The federal government did not step in. The Creeks were forced west. The Creeks as opposed to the tribes previously discussed took on a course of violence against the United States and had to be removed by force. The final tribe we will look at is the Seminole, who also fight back against the United States, but to an even greater degree. After the United States took control of Florida in 1821, instigated partially by fighting between United States forces led by General Andrew Jackson and the Seminoles in North Florida between 1817 and 1818, which is referred to as the First Seminole War, it negotiated the Treaty of Moultrie Creek in 1823 to establish a Seminole reservation in Central Florida. In 1832, the U.S. arranged a second agreement; the Treaty of Payne’s Landing, which required the Seminole people to move west of the Mississippi within three years. Ratified in 1834, the treaty was signed by some but not all Seminole leaders. As the United States Army moved in to force the Seminoles’ removal, many resisted, led by fighters such as Micanopy and Osceola. The result was a lengthy and bloody war between 1835 and 1842. This became known as the Second Seminole War. As in the first war, fugitive slaves fought beside the Seminoles who had taken them in. Thousands of lives were lost in the war, which cost the Jackson administration approximately 40 to 60 million dollars. The Seminole consisted of many towns, clans, and political organizations that shared a common culture and language. Because they were nowhere near as unified as the American forces, confusion and accusations of betrayal amounted upon the Seminoles. This ultimately led to their defeat and forced emigration west. A few did remain and had to defend themselves in the Third Seminole War from 1855 to 1858 from being forced out. They were finally paid to leave. The Seminoles took similar approach as the Creeks, but a completely different approach to dealing with the Americans than the Cherokee, Chickasaw, and Choctaw. While the latter three sought peaceful means to emigration because for the most part they had accepted their fate, the Seminoles lashed out against the United States and fought violently to keep their lands. In the end of course they were no match for the United States Army. The â€Å"Five Civilized Tribes† did not want to give up their land to the United States. The tribes eventually took their own path in how they would deal with the United States. Some like the Choctaw and Chickasaw saw the futility in trying to fight and worked with the United States for peaceful removal from their lands. Others like the Seminole and Creeks fought back against the United States, but were eventually defeated and forced to move. Then there is the Cherokee. They appeared to have taken the noblest of paths. They wanted the respect of the whites, but they went above and beyond in terms of assimilation, when compared to the other tribes. Yet in the end they were disgraced and forced to leave their lands. It would seem appropriate then for the Cherokee to be made out to be the â€Å"poster people† for Indian removal. The Choctaw and the Chickasaw basically gave up and moved peacefully. This would seem hardly appropriate to make them the symbol of the hardships faced on the â€Å"Trail of Tears.† The Seminole and Creeks have a better shot and being recognized because they tried to fight to keep their lands. Even so the use of violence on their part takes away from their effectiveness as the symbol of the struggles faced on the â€Å"Trail of Tears† The Cherokee make for the best symbol. They worked so hard to establish themselves as equal among the whites, and yet the white sense of superiority won in the end the Cherokee were forced off their land to face the hardships on the â€Å"Trail of Tears† This is why we hear so much more about the Cherokee and why they are the only tribe typically associated with the â€Å"Trail of Tears.† Although the five Indian nations had made earlier attempts at resistance, many of their strategies were non-violent. One method was to adopt Anglo-American practices such as large-scale farming, Western education, and slave holding. This earned the nations the designation of the Five Civilized Tribes. They adopted this policy of assimilation in an attempt to coexist with settlers and ward off hostility. But it only made whites jealous and resentful. The United States put into action legislation to remove the Indians from their lands. They did this out of greed and a belief of superiority to the Indians. The Indian tribes in turn chose their course of action. There were some that gave in and moved west without much of a struggle. Others defended their rights to their land and fought the United States before being forced to move. But it was the Cherokee who rose above the other tribes as the one most often talked about and associated with Indian Removal and the Trail of Tears. It was b ecause of the path they chose to gain respect of the whites without violence that established them as a poster people of the Trail of Tears. Research Papers on Indian Removal and the Focus on the CherokeeWhere Wild and West Meet19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCapital PunishmentCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPETSTEL analysis of IndiaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenQuebec and Canada